SIO 132 Study Guide - Fall 2018, Comprehensive Midterm Notes - Amplitude Modulation, Fish, Plankton
12 Oct 2018
School
Department
Course
Professor
SIO 132
MIDTERM EXAM
STUDY GUIDE
Fall 2018
10/3 Lect. 2- Physiological adaptions
Tuesday, October 3, 2017
9:07 AM
Required reading:
• Levinton, Marine Biology (5th ed) Chapter 5: The Chemical and Physical Environment
Recommended reading:
Recommended readings:
• Barry et al. 1995. Climate-related, long-term faunal changes in a California rocky intertidal
community. Science 267: 672 -675
• Fodrie et al. 2010. Climate-related, decadal-scale assemblage changes of seagrass-associated
fishes in the northern Gulf of Mexico. Global Change Biology 16:48-59.
• Somero GN. 2010. The physiology of climate change: how potentials for acclimatization and
geeti adaptatio ill deterie iers ad losers. J. Ep. Biol. : 9-920.
Fie threats to arie iodiersit…
• Fisheries
• chemical pollution
• damage to physical habitats
• invasion of exotic species
• global climate change.
Climate Change
• Increases in carbon dioxide will increase acidity (decrease pH)
• Organisms that build their skeletons from carbonates are greatly affected by increased pH and
acidification
o Ex.- Pteropods, foraminifera, coccolithophores, and corals
Invasive species
• Lionfish- invasive because they will eat ANYTHING and there is little prey in the new areas that
will eat it.
o Spans from Caribbean to New York, originally from Indonesia/Australia area.
• Idea that a tsunami from Japan triggered a mass marine migration. The debris held species from
Japan and the currents moved the debris all the way across the Pacific ocean (to Hawaii,
California, Washington).
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
o Termed rafting
Adaptions to Environment- Temperature and Salinity
Prefixes --> Steno- and Eury-
• Steno- can only handle a narrow range
o Stenothermal- narrow temp range
o Stenohaline- narrow salinity
• Eury- can handle a broad range
o Eurythermal- broad temp range
o Euryhaline- broad salinity
• The intertidal zone can have a very large range of temperatures
o due to direct sunlight and tide pools full of rain not seawater
• At Ocean Beach, SD there's a 20 C range going from 10C to 40C, changes daily
• The Gulf of Mexico experiences a large seasonal change in temp
• Organisms can acclimate to the new environment, such as CO2 or salinity
For example: coastal upwelling often brings up deep water that has had a lot of bacterial decomposition
of organic matter resulting in both low oxygen and high CO2 - both can be stressful.
• You can monitor acclimation by looking at the oxygen consumption, when not acclimating well it
conserves energy and consumes less oxygen
o There's an initial response as its stressed and it decreases oxygen consm.,
o then it adjust, slowly increasing oxygen consm, and
o once acclimated there will be a new steady state of oxygen consm.
Changes in Salinity
• Conformer organism conforms its body fluids with changes in salinity
• A regulator maintains the same body fluids even when salinity changes and it requires much
more energy
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
Levinton, marine biology (5th ed) chapter 5: the chemical and physical environment. Climate-related, long-term faunal changes in a california rocky intertidal community. Climate-related, decadal-scale assemblage changes of seagrass-associated fishes in the northern gulf of mexico. The physiology of climate change: how potentials for acclimatization and ge(cid:374)eti(cid:272) adaptatio(cid:374) (cid:449)ill deter(cid:373)i(cid:374)e (cid:858)(cid:449)i(cid:374)(cid:374)ers(cid:859) a(cid:374)d (cid:858)losers. (cid:859) j. e(cid:454)p. biol. (cid:1006)(cid:1005)(cid:1006): 9(cid:1005)(cid:1006)-920. Fisheries chemical pollution: damage to physical habitats invasion of exotic species global climate change. Increases in carbon dioxide will increase acidity (decrease ph: organisms that build their skeletons from carbonates are greatly affected by increased ph and acidification, ex. - pteropods, foraminifera, coccolithophores, and corals. Lionfish- invasive because they will eat anything and there is little prey in the new areas that will eat it: spans from caribbean to new york, originally from indonesia/australia area. Idea that a tsunami from japan triggered a mass marine migration. Japan and the currents moved the debris all the way across the pacific ocean (to hawaii,
