SIO 30 Study Guide - Midterm Guide: East Pacific Rise, Seismic Tomography, Plate Tectonics
19 Feb 2018
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Big bang theory/hypothesis: accumulation of gravity to the point of explosion 13. 7 billion years ago. Supernova: expansion/explosion of massive stars that releases energy necessary to form elements heavier than iron. Condensation sequence: early condensate silicate metal lower volatiles higher volatiles. Accretion: small particles clump into larger mass. Outgassing/volcanism: releasing gasses and water vapor from interior of planet- forms atmosphere. Oxygen evolution: activity of photosynthetic organisms increased amount of o. East pacific rise: largest submerged mountain range/mid-ocean ridge system. Bathymetry: discovery and study of ocean floor contours. Contour lines: represent elevation of seafloor; join points of equal elevation or depth. Echo sounders: sense contour by beaming soundwaves down & measuring how long they take to return. Multi-beam systems: echo-systems that provide more accurate measurements than single-beam. Satellite altimetry: measures the sea surface height from orbit. Gravimeter: extension of spring varies as gravity increases/decreases. Seismographs: to monitor seismic waves earthquakes produce. Primary (p) waves: compressional waves - penetrate liquid outer core, faster.
