GEOL107- Midterm Exam Guide - Comprehensive Notes for the exam ( 68 pages long!)
5 Oct 2017
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Document Summary
With fixed (or variable within limits) chemical composition. Minerals are made of a combination of elements particles by ordinary chemical processes. Composed of protons (positively charged) and neutrons in nucleus and electrons. What makes elements unique if number of protons in nucleus of atoms. 8 are by far most common - 98. 5% of crustal mineral mass. Msot of combinations consist of 8 more abundant elements. 3 major ways atoms bond o make minerals: ionic, covalent, and van de waal"s bonds. Mineral halite is salt, an example of ionic bonding. Carbon is unique has 6 protons, 6-8 neutrons, and 6 electrons. Do not gain or lose electrons, shared electrons. Very strong type of bond, stronger than ionic or van der waals. Sharing of electrons bonds atoms together - covalent bonding. Carbon atoms bond to form mineral diamond (hardest known mineral) Van der waal"s bonds are the third type of bonds atoms.
