[BIO 122] - Midterm Exam Guide - Ultimate 30 pages long Study Guide!

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Levels of nature: unique properties emerge at successively higher levels in nature. Emergent properties result from the arrangement and interaction of parts within a system at each level. A functioning bicycle emerges only when all of the necessary parts connect in the correct way. Life as we understand it emerges at the level of cells. Biology: the study of the world of life at different levels, from atoms and molecules to the biosphere. There are five unifying themes in the study of bio: Served as naturalist on mapping expedition around the world from 1831-1836. Observed that characteristics of similar species varied depending on habitat, and fossils of extinct organisms displayed similarities to modern species. Published on the origin of species by means of natural selection in 1859 based on his ideas and observations. Two main points: species showed evidence of descent with modification (evolution) from common ancestors. Natural selection is the mechanism behind descent with modification.

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