BIOLOGY 151 Study Guide - Final Guide: Protein Tag, Tryptophan, Chemical Energy
Document Summary
How are they organized: prokaryotes vs. eukaryotes, single-cell vs. multi-cellular organisms, cell membrane, organelles, major components of the cells, information storage (dna) Why are stem cells relevant: exist in our bodies, involved in blood cell production, tissue repair, continued skin renewal, etc, medically relevant: used to treat human disease. Stem cell: cell whose job it is to divide to make more cells, or to differentiate into cells with specialized functions. Differences between stem cells and terminally differentiated cells: stem cells: can undergo cell division. Can become many different types of cells: terminally differentiated cells: cannot undergo cell division. Perform specific functions in the body such as muscle cells (generate force) or neurons (send signals) and bone cells. Similarities: dna content doesn"t change, but gene expression does. Gene expression: expression of different genes leads to differential gene expression and cellular differentiation: different proteins = different shape, different receptors, different function. Embryonic stem cells: come from inner cell mass of blastocyst.
