BIOLOGY 152 Study Guide - Midterm Guide: Exaptation, Natural Selection, Body Plan

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amethystleopard231

26 Jul 2015

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This is to help you organize your thinking about the subject. But, it is no substitute for a care study of your lecture notes. Evolution and it critiques: what is evolution and how does natural selection operate, natural selection is the main mechanism of evolutionary change. Evolutionary change can be defined as both a change in the frequency of alleles in a population over time and a change in the adaptations of the population over time (were in both cases time is measured in generations) What are the evolutionary biologists" counterarguments: and c) Critique i: some adaptations are too complicated (vertebrate eye, bacterial flagellum, etc. ) to have evolved by natural selection. Cumulative selection - complex structures do not arise overnight - they evolve by small steps in which each change in the adaptation (structure/physiology/behavior/etc. ) provides the individuals having it an advantage in survival and reproduction. Examples eye evolution and evolution of winged flight in insects.

Related Questions

One common misconception about evolution is that individual organisms evolve. It is true that natural selection acts on individuals: Each organism's traits affect its survival and reproductive success compared with those of other individuals. But the evolutionary impact of natural selection is only apparent in the changes in a population of organisms over time.

Using at least two examples, explain how the process of evolution is revealed by the imperfections of living things. Provide evidence based facts.

periwinkleshark456

Describe the theory of natural selection Which of thefollowing BEST describes the theory of natural selection? CHOOSEONE

	1 The genetic make-up of apopulation gradually changes from one generation to the next.
	2 Living organisms change overtime.
	3 Each species produces many moreoffspring than can survive long enough to reproduce. The offspringthat do survive contain genes that are inherited from theparents.
	4 There is variation among themembers of a species. Some of this variation is geneticallydetermined and so can be passed on to future generations.
	5 Some individuals have genes thatincrease their chances for survival and reproduction. Theseindividuals are more likely to reproduce and pass on their genes,causing their genes to become more common in the nextgeneration.
	6 There is a struggle for existenceamong the members of a population.

amberleopard326

Which statement about evolution by natural selection isfalse?

Natural selection allows organisms with higher fitness toreproduce more successfully.

Natural selection favors those traits that confer higherfitness in the environment.

Natural selection is a random change in characteristics of apopulation over generations.

Evolution by natural selection affects populations oforganisms, not individual organisms.

An organism's fitness depends on its _____.

ability to survive and reproduce

ability to swap genetic material with other organisms

physical size

ability to mutate

population

Consider the heavily armored stickleback fish population thatcolonized the lake. If all the individuals in that population weregenetically identical, what do you predict would happen when theycolonized the freshwater lake?

The population would increase, as it has increased foodresources.

The population would evolve through natural selection to bebetter adapted to its environment.

The population would decrease due to more juvenile fish beingeaten.

No answer text provided.

Which of the following are adaptations?

Thicker beaks on finches that allows them to eat large seeds,when large seeds are the most abundant.

Less armor on stickleback fish in freshwater that allows themto grow faster to avoid predation.

More armor on stickleback fish in the ocean that prevents themfrom being eaten by larger predators.

None of the above.

All of the above.

olivemink746

BIOLOGY 152 Study Guide - Midterm Guide: Exaptation, Natural Selection, Body Plan

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