BIOL 330 Midterm: Bio 330- test 4 notes
Document Summary
Cancer (cid:862)if (cid:455)ou li(cid:448)e lo(cid:374)g e(cid:374)ough (cid:455)ou (cid:449)ill die of (cid:272)a(cid:374)(cid:272)er(cid:863) Fundamental properties of cancer: unregulated cell proliferation, metastatic spread. Cancer is a genetic disease: genomic alterations that are associated with cancer ranger from single- nucleotide substitutions to large-scale chromosomal rearrangements, amplifications and deletions. Development of cancer: most cancers derive from a single abnormal cell, evidence from x-inactivation mosaics demonstrates the monoclonal origin of cancer. Primary normal cell versus transformed cell: primary cells can be grown in culture. Survive a limited number of cell divisions: features of typically adherent primary cells are lost upon transformation, which include. Cancer is usually a multistep process: requires multiple mutations, age-related cancer is an indication that cancer develops from the accumulation of several mutagenic events. It was believed that appearance of tumors in vivo involves more than one genetic defect: this was demonstrated using transgenic mice carrying oncogenes. Tumor progression involves successive rounds of mutation followed by natural selection: colonal evolution.
