PSY 304 Study Guide - Final Guide: Personal Distress, Positron Emission Tomography, Perceived Control
1
PSYC 2301 CORE LEARNING OBJECTIVES AND KEY TERMS
Wood, Wood, & Boyd
Mastering the World of Psychology 6E
(For “See Appendix” go to page 9 in this handbook.)
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION
Learning Objectives
Key Terms
Revel Module
Print
Pages
1. Define psychology.
Psychology
Chapter 1 introduction
1
2. Define the scientific method and explain how it is
used in psychology.
Scientific method
1.1.1 Is Psychology a
Science?
3
3. Describe the major schools of thought and
theoretical perspectives in psychology.
Behaviorism
Psychoanalysis
Humanistic psychology
Cognitive psychology
Evolutionary psychology
Biological psychology
Sociocultural approach
1.2.3 Contemporary
Psychological Perspectives
8-10
4. Define positive psychology and explain how it differs
from other perspectives.
Positive psychology
9.4.4 The Expression of
Emotion
See
Appendix
1
5. Define and explain the differences between the
various descriptive research methods.
Naturalistic observation
Laboratory observations
Case study
Survey
Correlation
Correlation coefficient
1.4.1 Observational and Case
Studies
14-19
6. Define representative sample and explain why it is
important.
Population
Sample
Representative sample
1.4.2 Survey Research
16
7. Describe the experimental method, state its
advantages and disadvantages, and distinguish
between independent and dependent variables.
Experimental method
Causal hypothesis
Independent variable
Dependent variable
Experimental group
Control group
Random assignment
1.5 The Experimental Method
19-23
8. Explain the rationale behind placebo-control
experiments.
Placebo effect
Placebo
Experimenter bias
Double-blind procedure
1.5.2 Limitations of the
experimental method. (See
Interactive “Limitations of the
Experimental Method.”)
See
Appendix
2
9. Outline the ethical standards that psychological
researchers must follow.
1.6.2 Protecting Human
Participants’ and Animals’
Rights
26-27
CHAPTER 2: BIOLOGY AND BEHAVIOR
Learning Objectives
Key Terms
Revel Module
Pages
1. Describe various methods for studying the brain and
its functions.
Electroencephalogram
(EEG)
CT scan (computerized
axial tomography)
MRI (magnetic
resonance imaging)
2.1.1 The EEG and the
Microelectrode
2.1.2 Imaging Techniques
32-34
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PET scan (positron
emission tomography)
Functional magnetic
resonance imaging
(fMRI)
2. Identify the basic components of the neuron.
Neuron
Cell body
Dendrites
Axon
2.2.1 The Structure of the
Neuron
34-36
3. Identify the basic components of the synapse.
Synaptic gap
Synapse
Presynaptic neuron
Postsynaptic neuron
2.2.2 Communication between
Neurons
36-38
4. Define the action potential and explain the processes
that occur when a neuron is activated.
Resting potential
Action potential
2.2.2 Communication between
neurons
37
5. Identify the major neurotransmitters and explain how
neurotransmitters affect behavior.
Neurotransmitters
Acetylcholine
Dopamine
Norepinephrine
Serotonin
Endorphins
2.2.3 Neurotransmitters
39-42
6. Explain the difference between the central and the
peripheral nervous systems.
Peripheral nervous
system
Central nervous system
2.3 The Human Nervous
System (Introductory
paragraph)
41
7. Explain the functions of the sympathetic and
parasympathetic nervous systems.
Autonomic nervous
system
Sympathetic nervous
system
Parasympathetic nervous
system
2.3.1 The Peripheral Nervous
System
41-43
8. Identify the medulla, pons and cerebellum, and
describe their functions.
Brain stem
Medulla
Pons
Cerebellum
2.3.2 The Central Nervous
System
43-48
9. List the processes regulated by the hypothalamus.
Hypothalamus
2.3.2 The Central Nervous
System
47
10. Describe the limbic system, and list the responses and
behaviors affected by it.
Limbic system
Amygdala
Hippocampus
2.3.2 The Central Nervous
System
47-48
11. Describe the components of the cerebrum and their
functions.
Cerebrum
Cerebral hemispheres
Corpus callosum
Cerebral cortex
2.4 A Closer Look at the
Thinking Part of the Brain
(Introductory paragraph)
2.4.1 Components of the
cerebrum
48-49
12. Explain the functions of the frontal lobes.
Association areas
Frontal lobes
Motor cortex
Broca’s area
Broca’s aphasia
2.4.1 Components of the
Cerebrum
48-49
13. Explain plasticity.
Plasticity
2.5.1 The Ever-Changing
Brain
58-59
14. Define the endocrine system and explain the influence
of the pituitary and adrenal glands on behavior.
Endocrine system
Hormones
Pituitary gland
Adrenal glands
2.6 Beyond the Nervous
System (Introductory
paragraph)
2.6.1 The Endocrine System
59-61
15. Define behavior genetics.
Behavior genetics
2.6.2 Genes and Behavior
Genetics
63
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3
CHAPTER 3: SENSATION AND PERCEPTION
Learning Objectives
Key Terms
Revel Module
Pages
1. Describe the function of the mirror neuron system
(MNS).
Mirror neuron system
(MNS)
3.5.3 Social Perception
92
CHAPTER 4: CONSCIOUSNESS
Learning Objectives
Key Terms
Revel Module
Pages
1. Describe the physical and psychological effects of
meditation
Meditation
4.5.1 Meditation
116
CHAPTER 5: LEARNING
Learning Objectives
Key Terms
Revel Module
Pages
1. Define and identify examples of learning.
Learning
Chapter introduction
129
2. Explain the process through which classical
conditioning modifies an organism’s responses to
stimuli.
Classical conditioning
Unconditioned stimulus
(US)
Unconditioned response
(UR)
Conditioned stimulus
(CS)
Conditioned response
(CR)
Neutral stimulus
Extinction (in classical
conditioning)
Spontaneous recovery
(Stimulus)
generalization
(Stimulus)
discrimination
5.1 Classical Conditioning
(Introductory paragraph)
5.1.1 Pavlov and the Process
of Classical Conditioning
5.1.2 Changing Conditioned
Responses
131-133
3. Summarize the contributions of Pavlov, Watson, and
Skinner to the study of learning.
5.1.1 Pavlov and the Process
of Classical Conditioning
5.1.3 John Watson and
Emotional Conditioning
5.2.1 Reinforcement
131
133
4. Explain the process through which operant
conditioning modifies an organism’s responses to
stimuli.
Operant conditioning
Reinforcer
Extinction (in operant
conditioning)
Generalization
Discriminative stimulus
Reinforcement
Primary reinforcer
Secondary reinforcer
5.2.1 Reinforcement
5.2.2 Shaping, Generalization,
and Discriminative Stimuli
138-140
5. Define shaping.
Shaping
Successive
approximations
5.2.2 Shaping, Generalization,
and Discriminative Stimuli
139
6. Explain the difference between positive and negative
reinforcement.
Positive reinforcement
Negative reinforcement
5.2.1 Reinforcement
See Table 5.1
139
See Table
5.1
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Document Summary
Psyc 2301 core learning objectives and key terms. Mastering the world of psychology 6e (for see appendix go to page 9 in this handbook. ) 26-27: define psychology, define the scientific method and explain how it is. Learning objectives: describe various methods for studying the brain and. Central nervous system: explain the functions of the sympathetic and. Learning objectives: describe the function of the mirror neuron system. Learning objectives: describe the physical and psychological effects of. Learning objectives: define and identify examples of learning, explain the process through which classical conditioning modifies an organism"s responses to stimuli. Spontaneous recovery (stimulus) generalization (stimulus) discrimination: summarize the contributions of pavlov, watson, and. Skinner to the study of learning: explain the process through which operant conditioning modifies an organism"s responses to stimuli, define shaping. 5. 1. 1 pavlov and the process of classical conditioning. 139: explain the difference between positive and negative reinforcement. 3: define punishment and summarize the factors that influence its effectiveness.
