[BIOLOGY 120] - Final Exam Guide - Comprehensive Notes for the exam (31 pages long!)
Document Summary
Matter is anything that has mass and occupies a volume of space. An element substances. is a substance that cannot be broken down chemically into any other. An atom is a bit of matter that cannot be subdivided any further without losing its essential properties. Are positively charged with a mass of 1 dalton. The number of protons determine which element is which. Each element has a unique number of protons. The numbers of protons also decide the atomic number. The number of protons determine the physical properties of an element. Are negatively charged particles with mass much, much less than 1 dalton. Found in orbitals outside of the nucleus. Electrons determine the chemical properties of the element. An atom"s electrons determine how (and whether) the atom will bond with other atoms. Electrons are found in specific regions of an atom called shells that surround the nucleus. Inside the shells are sub-shells called orbitals.