APP 1012 Chapter Notes - Chapter 10: Prenatal Hormones And Sexual Orientation, Motivation
7 Jun 2018
School
Department
Course
Professor
Motivation and Emotion
Perspectives on Motivation
• Psychodynamic
• Behaviourist
• Cognitive
• Humanistic
• Evolutionary
Cognitive Perspective
Expectancy- value theory: Motivation is a function of the value people place on an outcome and the
extent to which they think they can achieve it.
Extrinsic motivation: Three innate needs: competency, autonomy, relatedness: fulfilment increases
intrinsic motivation.
Humanistic Perspectives
Maslow’s Hierarchy of needs:
Self-actualisation (Creative art, service to others)
Esteem (respect from peers)
Love or Belonginess (intimacy)
Safety (Housing, money)
Physiological (Hunger, Thirst)
Biological and Sexual Motivation
Organisational Effects; Prenatal exposure to androgens alter the neural circuits in the brain and
spinal cord, which influences cognition and behaviour.
Activational Effects; Alteration of adult levels of hormones can alter the intensity of a behaviour that
is modulated by that hormone.
Theories explaining Homosexuality
Environmental: Behaviourists- homosexuality is learned through conditioning.
- Environmental hypothesis not supported
Biological: A genetic predisposition to homosexuality (X chromosome)
- Smaller anterior hypothalamus
Interactionist (both are important): Gees ad preatal horoes shape a child’s teperament
which initiates a chain of events, ultimately shaping sexual orientation.
Emotion and Related Terms
Emotions: Short duration, occur as a reaction to events and results from our interpretation and
evaluation of an event.
Moods: Long-lasting, more general emotional state, internalised.
Affect: Broader construct than emotion and mood
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
