PSCI 2601 Chapter Notes - Chapter 10-15: United States Department Of The Treasury, Gabriel Almond, Washington Consensus
21 Feb 2017
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Global South Paper
Chapter 1:
Raul Prebisch
Green Vault (Dresden)- in Dresden is a unique historic museum that contains the largest collection of
treasures in Europe. Destroyed in WWII and taken by the Red Army
Clientism - a political approach that emphasizes or exploits such relations.
Enclosure Movement - Enclosure or inclosure is the process which was used to end some traditional
rights
Max Weber – was a German sociologist, philosopher, and political economist who profoundly influenced
social theory, social research, and the discipline of sociology itself
Worldy ascenticsm - describes a lifestyle characterized by abstinence from various worldly pleasures,
often with the aim of pursuing religious and spiritual goals.
Henry Ford - is a notion of a modern economic and social system based on an industrialised and
standardised form of mass production. Originating from a Marxist perspective
Fordism Realization Crisis - The crisis of Fordism became apparent to Marxists in late 1960s.
Teleology - The explanation of phenomena by the purpose they serve rather than by postulated causes
Aristotle – Greek philosopher, few citizens rule
Secularization - gradual diminution of the influence of religion on public affairs. Renissance Italy paved
way.
Historical Sociology (big comparisons, huge time frames) –branch of sociology focusing on how societies
develop through history.
Political Economy (Who gets what and who gets) - the branch of social science that deals with the
production and distribution and consumption of goods and services and their management
Political sociology (class) - Political socializatio is a cocept cocerig the “stud of the deelopetal
processes by which children and adolescents acquire political cognition, attitudes and behaviors
Post modernism (Who am I, How did I get here) - Post-Modernism tends to be defined either as the
period after modernism or as a 'condition' whereby established values are rapidly eroded by new
technological advances and a general apprehension of what the future will bring.
Facts:
Emerging economies: BRICs (Brazil, Russia, India, China), occasionally South Africa and Mexico to make
BRICSAM
India and China are leading in pollution and greenhouse emissions
The only real possibility of change would be a revolution of hose at the end of the chain of exploitation –
the peasantry and urban poor who have nothing to lose
It has been noted that a number of emerging economies, notably China and India, but also other such as
Malaysia and Indonesia, had retained sufficient protective regulations protecting them from the worst
economic consequences
Definitions:
Autonomy of the political – The ability of politics to have independent and significant effect on its own.
Washington Consensus - 1989 by the economist John Williamson to describe a set of ten relatively
specific economic policy prescriptions that he considered constituted the "standard" reform package
promoted for crisis-wracked developing countries by Washington, D.C.-based institutions such as the
International Monetary Fund (IMF), World Bank, and the US Treasury Department.[1]
Post Washington Consensus – neo liberal manifesto, more priority in tackling poverty and highlighting
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developmental importance of attaining good governance. Refers to a more general orientation towards
a strongly market-based approach (sometimes described as market fundamentalism or neoliberalism).
Theorists:
Field of comparative politics at the time – (1) highly parochial, focused on a narrow range of Western
countries (2) typically concerned with the legal and historical development of governing institutions and
(3) not systematically comparative at all
Gabriel Almond (1954, Political Development Theory): developed a structural-functional approach to
compare politics in different countries. Four input functions-
(1) Political socialization (2) political recruitment, (3) articulation and (4) aggregation of interests
deads. O the output; side three fuctios ere idetified rule akig rule ipleetatio,
and rule (3) adjudication-and there was a more pervasive function of political communication
Later (1960), he identified five political system capabilities (extractive, regulative, distributive, symbolic,
and responsive). Would help the system deal with four main problems of state (1) building, (2) nation-
building, (3) participation, and (4) distribution
Sauel Hutigto 97, Moderizatio ‘eisiois, argued that ecooic ealth doest lead to
social change. Supportive of liberal democracy. Argued that countries at an early state of development
need good governance above all, including a possible dictator or military rule if beneficial to the state.
Frank (1969), - developing world had been increasingly incorporated into the capitalist world economy
from the sixteenth century. Also argued that for a satellite economy to end the distortion in the country
is to significantly drift away from the metropolis
‘ejected oderizatios assuptios. Beliee capitalis is falsel coected to the arket istead of a
means of production. By the mid-1980s, the neo-Marxists focus on socialistic revolution in turn
appeared increasingly anachronistic
Drew on two developments in the social sciences. First, the behavioural revolution encouraged a more
scientific approach that sought to build general social theories and test them empirically. Second,
especially in sociology but also in economics, interest was growing in racing and modelling process of
modernization
Claude Ake –Accuses theory of political development promoting capitalist and imperialist views
Theories:
Modernization- initially took form of dependency theory; need for strong government and the
continuing changing role of tradition, emerging from the United States in the 1950s.
Modernization Revisionism - Centred on its oversimplified notions of tradition, modernity and their
interrelationship.
Marxism- inspired approach that gave rise to dependency theory and subjectively and subsequently to
neo-Marxist analysis that focused on the relative autonomy of the state. Elements of development and
dependency theories
Dependency Theory¬- fro the left, criticized the oderizatio approach for igorig forer coloies
continuing economic and thus political independence
Political Development Theory – Criticized by revolutionists for simplifying and underestimating the role
of tradition and by advocates of political order for excessive optimism
Marxist-inspired - Opposes modernization as it is driven by a bourgeois and capitalist interests. Stressed
the determining role of processes of economic production and/or exchange and the social class
relationships embedded in them. Brought to light the neglect of international forces
Neo-Marxism- criticized depedec theors deteriis ad eplored the relatie autoo of
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Document Summary
Green vault (dresden)- in dresden is a unique historic museum that contains the largest collection of treasures in europe. Destroyed in wwii and taken by the red army. Clientism - a political approach that emphasizes or exploits such relations. Enclosure movement - enclosure or inclosure is the process which was used to end some traditional rights. Max weber was a german sociologist, philosopher, and political economist who profoundly influenced social theory, social research, and the discipline of sociology itself. Worldy ascenticsm - describes a lifestyle characterized by abstinence from various worldly pleasures, often with the aim of pursuing religious and spiritual goals. Henry ford - is a notion of a modern economic and social system based on an industrialised and standardised form of mass production. Fordism realization crisis - the crisis of fordism became apparent to marxists in late 1960s. Teleology - the explanation of phenomena by the purpose they serve rather than by postulated causes.
