BIOCHEM 2EE3 Chapter Notes - Chapter 1-6: Dihydrolipoamide Dehydrogenase, Glycogen Phosphorylase, Pyruvate Dehydrogenase
23 Apr 2020
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Molecules that bind to receptors with intracellular tyrosine kinase domains: platelet-derived growth factor. Termination of signal from tkd binding: phosphatases hydrolyze key phosphorylated residues. Epinephrine: epinephrine binds to the beta-androgenic receptor, the g-protein acts as a transducer. Hormones: glucagon: signals glycogen to be released from liver when glucose levels drop. Pyruvate: 3-carbon molecule, oxidized in the mitochondria, nadh oxidized in the etc (in the mitochondria, other monosaccharides (fructose/galactose) feed into glycolysis for oxidation. Fermentation: pathway that produces atp with no net oxidation of carbon, nadh is not regenerated (doesn"t allow glycolysis to continue) Fat breakdown: fat synthesis occurs in the cytosol, enzyme lipase breaks down fatty acids from glycerol bonds through ester bond hydrolysis, albumin carries fatty acids through the bloodstream. Preferred energy fuel: muscles: fatty acids (at rest, brain: glucose, skeletal muscle: fatty acids, creatine phosphate, protein, glycogen, when glucose levels are low, the hormone glucagon is released and stimulates lipase to breakdown fats for energy.
