PHGY 350 Chapter Notes - Chapter 20: Chronic Kidney Disease, Pyelonephritis, Renal Pelvis
23 Nov 2016
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Cystitis & urethritis = infections of lower ut, pyelonephritis = upper tract infection. Most ascending: organisms in perineal area - travel along continuous mucosa in ut to bladder then ureters to kidney. E. coli adhere to mucosa of bladder-doesn"t wash out. In men: urethritis, prostatitis may accompany lower tract infections. Women anatomically vulnerable to infection: short & width of urethra, proximity to anus, frequent irritation to tissue (sexual activity, bath, feminine hygiene product, improper hygiene in defecation/ menstruation). Older men with prostatic hypertrophy & retention of urine f deve infection. Male reproductive tract shares some structures of ut, infection of prostate/testes likely extend to urinary structures. Congenital abnormalities in child, obstructions to flow/reflux. Elderly at risk due to tendency toward incomplete emptying, reduced fluid intake, impaired blood supply to bladder, immobility. Predisposing factors: incontinence w/ incomplete emptying, retention, obstruction flow growth of organisms. Pregnancy, scar tissue, renal calculi (kidney stones) contribute to infection since urine & contaminants don"t flow.
