PAT 20A/B Chapter Notes - Chapter 42: Genetic Predisposition, Acarbose, Constipation
22 Nov 2016
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Chapter 42: diabetes mellitus and the metabolic syndrome. Hormonal control of glucose, fat, and protein metabolism. The body uses glucose, fatty acids, and other substances are fuel to satisfy its energy needs. The liver works with hormones from the endocrine pancreas that control the body"s fuel supply. Brain and nervous system heavily rely on glucose as fuel. In non-diabetic individuals, normal glucose levels range from 4. 4 to 5. 0 mmol/l. Post-prandial (after meals) increase in glucose triggers the release of insulin to assist in removing 2/3 of glucose from the circulation. Glucose that is not needed for energy is removed from the blood and stored as glycogen or converted to fat. Excess glycogen causes the additional glucose to be converted into fatty acids and stored as triglycerides in fat cells. The liver stores glucose as glycogen breaks down glycogen by glycogenolysis to release glucose in between meals when the glucose levels fall below normal.
