BPK 105 Chapter Notes - Chapter 1: Human Body, Skeletal Muscle, Circulatory System
27 Apr 2018
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Chapter 1: The Human Organism
1.1 - Anatomy
● anatomy = structure
● physiology = function
● anatomy examines relationship b/w structure of body part and function
● study of anatomy - 2 types: systemic anatomy, regional anatomy
●systemic: study of body systems: cardiovascular, nervous, skeletal, muscular systems
●regional: study of organization of the body by areas (regions: head, abdomen, arm. all
systems studied simultaneously)
● 2 general ways to examine internal structures of living person: surface anatomy,
anatomical imaging.
●surface anatomy = study of external features (ie. bone projections) which serve as
landmarks for locating deeper structures
●anatomical imaging = use of x-rays, ultrasound, MRI, etc, to create pics of internal
structures.
1.2 - Physiology
● important to recognize structures as dynamic instead of fixed/unchanging
●goals: to understand + predict the body’s responses to stimuli, to understand how the
body maintains conditions within a narrow range of values in presence of continually
changing internal/external environments
● human physiology: study of specific organism [humans]
● cellular physiology + systemic physiology = subdivisions that emphasize specific
organizational levels.
1.3 - Structural and functional organization of the human body
●six structural levels: chemical, cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism
● chemical: how atoms (ie. hydrogen) interact + combine into molecules
● function of molecule is related to its structure
● ie. collagen molecules = strong, ropelike fibres that give skin structural strength +
flexibility
●cells: molecules combine to form organelles (ie. nucleus, mitochondria), which make up
some cells
● cells use ATP (a molecule) as a source of energy
●tissue: group of similar cells + materials surrounding them
● characteristics of above determines function of tissue
● tissues that make up body - 4 main types: epithelial, connective, muscle, nervous.
●organ: 2 or more tissue types that together perform one or more common functions. ie.
urinary bladder, skin, stomach, heart
●organ system: group of organs with common function(s)
● ie. urinary system.
Document Summary
Anatomy examines relationship b/w structure of body part and function. Study of anatomy - 2 types: systemic anatomy, regional anatomy. Systemic : study of body systems: cardiovascular, nervous, skeletal, muscular systems. Regional : study of organization of the body by areas (regions: head, abdomen, arm. all. 2 general ways to examine internal structures of living person: surface anatomy, systems studied simultaneously) anatomical imaging. Surface anatomy = study of external features (ie. bone projections) which serve as. Anatomical imaging = use of x-rays, ultrasound, mri, etc, to create pics of internal landmarks for locating deeper structures structures. Important to recognize structures as dynamic instead of fixed/unchanging. Goals : to understand + predict the body"s responses to stimuli, to understand how the body maintains conditions within a narrow range of values in presence of continually changing internal/external environments. Human physiology: study of specific organism [humans] Cellular physiology + systemic physiology = subdivisions that emphasize specific organizational levels.
