BIOL107 Chapter Notes - Chapter 4: Cell Membrane, Peptidoglycan, Gram-Negative Bacteria
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BIOL107 Full Course Notes
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Bounded by a selective barrier called the plasma membrane. Contain a semi-fluid, jellylike substance called cytosol in which subcellular components are suspended. Contain chromosomes, which carry genes in the form of dna. Contain ribosomes, tiny complexes that make proteins according to instructions from the genes. Dna is found in the nucleus which is bounded by a double membrane. Organelles of specialized form and function, suspended in the cytoplasm. Generally much larger than prokaryotes (surface area to volume ratio) Dna is found is concentrated in a region called the nucleoid which is not membrane enclosed. The cell wall maintains cell shape, protects the cell and prevents it from bursting in a hypotonic environment. Cell wall made of peptidoglycan, a polymer made of modified sugars and crosslinked by short polypeptides this encloses the bacteria and anchors other molecules on its cell surface. Gram positive bacteria have a large amount of peptidoglycan.