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HLTB21H3 Chapter 8: King Cholera

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whiteduck976
28 Mar 2011
School
UTSC
Department
Health Studies
Course
HLTB21H3
Professor
Caroline Barakat

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Document Summary

Cholera: as known as king cholera" in england. 7 pandemics: 1816-1821: originated in india (river ganges) and spread mainly by british troops, headquarters in bengal, 1829-1851: reaching europe, canada, and the us. 1849: america"s greatest scourge: 1852-1859: scientific advances in understanding cholera, 1863-1873, 1881-1896: hygienic measures stopped its spread to north america, 1899-1923: stopped for the most part of western hemisphere, 1961-ongoing: in its dying phase, series of outbreak below. Bacteria: vibrio cholerae (due to its vibrating wiggles), gram negative, comma-shaped bacillus (koch saw the bacteria in feces during 5th epidemic 1883) Has two viruses within it, one that codes for cholera toxin (1929), the other codes for the receptor which allow the toxin coding virus to enter bacterium. Bacteria can go dormant and enter spore-like cell when reproduction is not favourable, next epidemic boom may come from phytoplankton triggered by global warming. Incubation period: few hours to 5 days. Indirect transmission: fecal oral route of transmission (water)

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Related Questions

while your on a work exchange in the tropics, a cholera epidemic sweeps through the area. Of the 1000 people living in the area,100 people contract cholera and 10 die of it in 1 month. What is the percentage incidence and mortality rate of cholera during that time? What precautions could you take to lessen your risk of contracting this bacterial disease?

The gram-negative bacterium Vibrio cholerae produces a protein, cholera toxin, that is responsible for the characteristic symptoms of cholera: extensive loss of body water and Na through continuous, debilitating diarrhea. If body fluids and Na are not replaced, severe dehydration results; untreated, the disease is often fatal. When the cholera toxin gains access to the human intestinal tract it binds tightly to specific sites in the plasma
membrane of the epithelial cells lining the small intestine, causing adenylyl cyclase to undergo prolonged
activation (hours or days). (a) What is the effect of cholera toxin on [cAMP] in the intestinal cells? (b) Based on the information above, suggest how cAMP normally functions in intestinal epithelial cells. (c) Suggest a possible treatment for cholera.

The gram-negative bacterium Vibrio cholerae produces a protein, cholera toxin, that is responsible for the characteristic symptoms of cholera: extensive loss of body water and Na through continuous, debilitating diarrhea. If body fluids and Na are not replaced, severe dehydration results; untreated, the disease is often fatal. When the cholera toxin gains access to the human intestinal tract it binds tightly to specific sites in the plasma
membrane of the epithelial cells lining the small intestine, causing adenylyl cyclase to undergo prolonged
activation (hours or days). (a) What is the effect of cholera toxin on [cAMP] in the intestinal cells? (b) Based on the information above, suggest how cAMP normally functions in intestinal epithelial cells. (c) Suggest a possible treatment for cholera.