PSYC39H3 Chapter Notes - Chapter 4: Julian Rotter, Cesare Beccaria, Jeremy Bentham
Document Summary
In this text, authors argue that criminal behaviour is learned. Psychologists have classified three types of learning classical/pavlovian conditioning, instrumental learning/operant conditioning and social learning. The classical conditioning perspective presumes, that human beings are automatons and act in a monotonous routine manner without active intelligence. In instrumental learning, the learner must do something to the environment in order to obtain a reward, or to avoid punishment. Instrumental learning is based on learning the consequences of behaviour. Social learning is more complex as it involves learning from watching others and organizing social experiences in the brain. Aggravated assault a(cid:374)d ho(cid:373)i(cid:272)ide are so(cid:373)eti(cid:373)es (cid:272)alled (cid:862)irratio(cid:374)al, u(cid:374)(cid:272)o(cid:374)trollable and (cid:373)oti(cid:448)eless(cid:863) E(cid:374)gagi(cid:374)g i(cid:374) (cid:272)ri(cid:373)i(cid:374)al (cid:271)eha(cid:448)ior, (cid:448)iole(cid:374)t or (cid:374)o(cid:374)(cid:448)iole(cid:374)t, (cid:373)ight (cid:271)e o(cid:374)e perso(cid:374)"s (cid:449)ay of adapting or surviving under physically, socially, financially or psychologically dire conditions. Cognitive processes: are those internal mental processes that enable humans to imagine, to gain knowledge, reason and to evaluate information. Watson argued that psychology was the science of behaviour.
