Classical Studies 2500A/B Chapter 1-3: Gates Chapter 1,2,3

• School: Western University
• Department: Classical Studies
• Course: Classical Studies 2500A/B
• Professor: Beth Greene

Document Summary

Chapter one : cities of the near east & eastern mediterranean, neolithic, bronze & iron age. Features : mountains (taurus & zagros), rivers (euphrates & tigris) , fertile crescent. Determining domestic vs. wild plants : flotation sample of excavated earth is poured into water seeds & other plant remains float to surface. Plant cultivation began in southern levant (between damascus & jericho) Ppn (cid:862)a(cid:863) & (cid:862)b(cid:863) phases 8500 6000 bc. Houses : ou(cid:374)d, su(cid:374)dried (cid:373)ud (cid:271)ri(cid:272)k (cid:449)ith (cid:862)pla(cid:374)o co(cid:374)(cid:448)e(cid:454)(cid:863) Fortification wall : including internal circular tower internal stairs - controversy regarding what the town was protecting again. Houses : rectangular plan, arranged around central courtyard, cigar shaped bricks (finger impressions) Religious practice: ten human skulls found under house (shells for eyes) Marked growing agricultural prosperity + growing animal husbandry. Tra(cid:272)es fro(cid:373) ppn(cid:863)a(cid:863)&(cid:863)b(cid:863) (8(cid:1006)50 500) pottery neolithic. Early appearance of metallurgy native copper and malachite - earliest known use of metal in the near east.