Psychology 2042A/B Chapter 4: Ch.4 textbook notes for distance studies summer course
8 Feb 2012
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Scientific understanding comes from systematic formulation of a problem, observation and collection of data, and interpretation of findings by what is considered acceptable procedures. Aim of science is to describe phenomena and offer explanations for them. Researchers are usually guided by already established info, concepts, perspectives or theories, and by their own inclinations. Theoretical concepts and assumptions guide research goal, choice of variables, procedures, analyses, and conclusions. Hypothesis testing: testing specific hypotheses derived from theoretical notions. Tends to build knowledge systematically rather than haphazardly. Investigation provides evidence for or against the hypothesis rather than correct or incorrect. Supported hypothesis strengthens accuracy and explanatory power of the underlying theory. Unsupported hypothesis serves to disapprove, limit, or redirect theory. Research reports require info description about the participants and how they were selected. B/c the info is impt in judging the adequacy of investigations and interpretations of the findings. Representativeness best achieved by random selection of participants to get a representative sample.
