BI110 Chapter Notes - Chapter Module 29: Nanometre, Retina, Porphyrin

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Module 29: photosynthesis part 1: absorbing and capturing light. A: uses light energy to split water molecules - the biochemical energy generated from light is used to convert co2 into sugars via the calvin cycle. The oxygen from water is released into the air, as a byproduct. A: a naturally occurring molecule specialized for absorbing light energy and which can be coupled to energy-producing mechanisms in photosynthetic organisms; exists in a variety of types that absorb light at specific wavelengths. Pigments take on the color of the light they reflect. A: organelle that contains chlorophyll and carries out photosynthesis. A: is the full range of electromagnetic wave energy. A: the distance between two successive crests (top of a wave) or troughs (bottom of a wave). The wavelengths correspond to the colour of light. A: the electromagnetic spectrum ranges from short-wavelength gamma rays (less than a nanometer) to long-wavelength radio waves (over a kilometer)

Related Questions

Plants are net ____ consumers and _____ producers.

TRUE or FALSE: During photosynthesis, glucose is made during the light-independent (dark) reactions.

TRUE or FALSE: The products of photosynthesis are carbon dioxide and water.

What is the main product of photosynthesis?

What is the energy source for the process of photosynthesis?

In what organelle does photosynthesis occur?

TRUE or FALSE: All organismsâ lives depend of photosynthesis.

Animals are net ___ consumers and net ____producers.

What are discrete packets of kinetic energy in light?

Give two examples of accessory pigments for photosynthesis.

TRUE or FALSE: The primary photosynthetic pigment chlorophyll a.

What is the empirical formula for glucose?

During glycolysis, molecules of glucose are broken down into ___ molecules of _____.

Which comes first: glycolysis, kreb cycle, or electron transport chain?

Where in the cell does glycolysis occur?

Photosynthesis

Light Reactions:

Photosynthesis is the process of reducing/oxidizing (circle one) _____________________ to produce ___________________. This overall reduction-oxidation reaction requires _________________ to begin the flow of __________________. Photosynthetic ____________________ absorb light energy and are located in ___________________ found embedded within the membranes of __________________. The most prevalent one include the ___________________ which reflect ________________ light and absorb the other wavelengths of light. Accessory pigments include ___________________. When light energy is absorbed in photosynthesis, electrons of pigment molecules become _________________ and move into higher potential energy _______________. When the electrons return to their previous position, _____________ is passed to the ______________________ pigment molecule. Electrons within this pigment molecule move to a high potential energy state and are âgrabbedâ by _________________________ chains. Electrons from photosystem II are passed to ______________________. Electrons from photosystem I are passed to _________________. As electrons move in the electron transport chain associated with photosystem I/II (circle one), the energy released is used to power ___________ pumps and __________ is produced via a process known as ________________________. Photosystem I/II (circle one) electrons must be replaced to continue the reaction so ____________ is split for its electrons. The products _______________ & _______________ then proceed to the ______________________ cycle.

Calvin Cycle:

The Calvin Cycle can be broken into 3 main series of reactions. In the first group, known as the __________________ step, ______________________ combines with 3 molecules of ____________________ to form 6 molecules of _____________________. This reaction is catalyzed by ___________________. ________________ can act as a competitive inhibitor of this enzyme, shutting down this step in a process known as ______________________________. In the second series of reactions known as the __________________ steps, the molecules produced in the previous step get oxidized/reduced (circle one). The source of electrons is _________from the light reactions. This step is endergonic/exergonic (circle one) and thus requires _______ from the light reactions. Six molecules of _____________________ are produced, ______ (#) of which will continue in biosynthetic pathways to produce __________________. The remaining molecules will then enter the ______________________ steps which require _____________ from the light reaction. In this step, 3 molecules of _______________ are produced so that this cyclic reaction can continue.

1. All of the following are correct descriptions of photosynthesis except:

A) The Calvin Cycle is endergonic.

B) Electrons are supplied to the reaction center via the splitting of water, which yields O2 as a byproduct

C) Chlorophyll and accessory pigments capture energy from the sun in the form of electrons, which they use to drive the electron transport chains of photosystems I and II.

D) ATP and NADPH generated in the light-dependent reactions are used to power CO2 fixation via the Calvin cycle in the light-independent reactions.

2. In glycolysis and the TCA cycle, glucose is _____ down to CO2; this process _____ lots of ATP and reducing power. In photosynthesis, CO2 is ______ back to sugar by the _______ of lots of ATP and reducing power.

A) reduced; requires; oxidized; production

B) oxidized; requires; reduced; production

C) oxidized; produces; reduced; input

D) reduced; produced; oxidized; input

3. Which description accurately compares cellular respiration and photosynthesis?

A) Photosynthesis uses energy captured from sunlight to power the reduction of carbon dioxide to sugars; cellular respiration oxidizes sugars to yield energy for the cell.

B) The ATP produced via cellular respiration is needed to power the reactions of photosynthesis

C) The pathways of photosynthesis are those of cellular respiration run in reverse.

D) Photosynthesis captures energy from sunlight to oxidize carbon dioxide to sugars; cellular respiration reduces these sugars to yield energy for the cell.

BI110 Chapter Notes - Chapter Module 29: Nanometre, Retina, Porphyrin

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