BIOL 112 Chapter Notes - Chapter 25: Thermophile, Chromosome, Aerobic Organism
Document Summary
Prokaryotes have a variety of shapes: spherical(cocci, rodshaped(bacilli, spiral, rigid helix(spirillum, flexible helix(spirochete) Bacterial flagella: some have a flagellum, different structure and movement from eukaryotic flagella, consist of basal body, hook filament, produce rotary motion, like a propeller, archaean flagella still poorly understood. Prokaryote nutrition: most are heterotrophs ( other feeder , obtain energy and carbon from other organisms, some are autotrophs ( self feeder , make their own organic molecules from simple, inorganic raw materials. Autotrophs: photoautotrophs, obtain energy from sunlight, organic carbon synthesized from co2, include cyanobacteria, chemoautotrophs, obtain energy by oxidizing inorganic chemicals such as ammonia, many soil organisms and base of food chains near ocean hydrothermal vents. Asexual reproduction: binary fission, cell divides, forming two cells, most common, budding, small bud forms, separates from larger mother cell, fragmentation, walls form inside cell, separates into several cells. Prokaryote genes: genetic material consists of, 1large circular dna chromosome, sometimes1or more plasmids (circular dna fragments)
