BIOL-242 Chapter Notes - Chapter 21: Mast Cell, Phagocyte, Macrophage
18 May 2020
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Chapter 21. 2 | innate internal defenses are cells and. Chemicals that act as the second line of defense. Pattern recognition receptors // receptors on chemicals such as pathogens, natural killer cells, and proteins that identify potentially harmful microorganisms by recognizing and binding to the molecules with specific shapes that are part of infectious organisms. Infectious organisms include bacteria, viruses, fungi, and other parasites. The body uses many different nonspecific cellular chemical mechanisms to protect itself. Phagocytes, natural killer cells, antimicrobial proteins, and fever. Inflammatory responses enlist macrophages, mast cells, white blood cells, and pathogen killing chemicals; chemicals that also repair body tissue. Toll-like receptors (tlrs) // trigger immune responses; 11 types in humans, each recognizing a different type of potentially dangerous microbe. Macrophages and boundary tissue cells (ie. epithelial cells lining gastrointestinal respiratory tracts) all have tlrs to recognize pathogens. Receptors allow cells to bind to invaders and then sound a chemical alarm which initiates inflammation.
