BIOL-2230 Chapter Notes - Chapter 16: Adenylyl Cyclase, Anterior Pituitary, Thyroid
Document Summary
Endocrine system: body system that includes internal organs that secrete hormones. Endocrine glands: ductless glands that empty their hormonal products directly into the blood. Paracrine: a chemical messenger that acts locally within the same tissue and is rapidly destroyed. Second messengers: intracellular molecule generated by the binding of a chemical (hormone or neurotransmitter) to a receptor protein; mediates intracellular responses to the chemical messenger. Cyclic amp (camp): intracellular second messenger that mediates the effects of the first (extracellular) messenger (hormone or neurotransmitter); formed from atp by a plasma membrane enzyme (adenylate cyclase) G protein: protein that relays signals between extracellular first messengers (such as hormones or neurotransmitters) and intracellular second messengers (such as cyclic. Adenylate cyclase: an enzyme, usually activated by a g protein, that converts atp to the second messenger cyclic amp. Negative feedback mechanisms: the most common homeostatic control mechanism.