GEN-3000 Chapter Notes - Chapter 12: Phenylalanine, Thymine, Start Codon
27 Oct 2017
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Transcription and translation: prokaryotes don"t have a nucleus. Transcription and translation occur in the same plce: eukaryotes have a nucleus. Transfers genetic information from dna to ribosomes: rrna (ribosomal rna, trna (transfer rna) Single stranded: can acquire shape, can acquire shape, through folding, ribose sugar, ribonucleotides, uracil instead of thymine, rna can be catalytic, ribozyme, rna is less stable than dna. Francis crick = dna encodes protein: only 4 possibilities for nucleotide that can encode diff. amino acid. If evry nucleotide encodes a different amino acid: experiment: Let transcription and translation go after adding or removing a base. All bases were out of reading frame. Add 3 bases = correct reading frame. All frames ahead of the added bases shifted but all frames after the added bases were correct: conclusion: 3 nucleotides specify one amino acid. Use polynucleotide phosphorylase on a group of nucleotides. Homopolymer: a string of one type of nucleotide.
