PSY 111 Chapter Notes - Chapter 44: Basal Ganglia, Karl Lashley, Frontal Lobe
17 Dec 2018
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Chapter 44: Storing and Retrieving Memories
I. Memory Storage
A. Retaining Information in the Brain
1. Memories do not live in single, specific spots, Karl Lashley trained rats to
find their way out of a maze, then removed parts of their brain’s cortex
and retested their memory.
a) No matter what part of the brain is removed, the rats will retain at
least a partial memory of how to navigate the maze.
2. Memories are brain-based.
3. Despite the brain’s huge storage(the process of retaining encoded
information over time), one doesn’t store info as libraries store their books
in precise locations.
4. Instead, brain networks encode, store, and retrieve the info that forms our
complex memories
B. Explicit Memory System: The Frontal Lobes and Hippocampus
1. It is the network that processes and stores your explicit
memories(memory of facts and experiences that one can consciously
know)
2. The left and right frontal lobes process different types of memories
a) Calling up a visual part scene would activate the right frontal lobe
3. Cognitive neuroscientists have found that the hippocampus is the brain’s
equivalent of a “save” button.
4. If the left hippocampus was damaged, people would have trouble
remembering verbal information, but will have no trouble recalling visual
designs and locations. The problem would be reversed if the right
hippocampus was damaged.
5. Memories are not permanently stored in the hippocampus.
6. Memory consolidation:the neural storage of a long-term memory.
a) Sleep supports memory consolidation. When in deep sleep mode,
the hippocampus processes memories for later retrieval.
C. Implicit Memory System: The Cerebellum and Basal Ganglia
1. Implicit memory: retention of learned skills or classically conditioned
associations independent of conscious recollection
2. The cerebellum forms and stores the implicit memories created by
classical conditioning.
a) If the cerebellum was damaged, people will not be able to create
certain conditioned reflexes.
3. The basal ganglia eases formation of our procedural memories for skills.
a) It receives input from the cortex but does not return the favor of
sending information back for conscious awareness.
b) Thank the basal ganglia for knowing how to still ride a bike.
Document Summary
(the process of retaining encoded information over time), one doesn"t store info as libraries store their books in precise locations. Instead, brain networks encode, store, and retrieve the info that forms our complex memories. 1: explicit memory system: the frontal lobes and hippocampus. It is the network that processes and stores your explicit memories know) If the left hippocampus was damaged, people would have trouble remembering verbal information, but will have no trouble recalling visual designs and locations. The problem would be reversed if the right hippocampus was damaged: memories are not permanently stored in the hippocampus, memory consolidation . :the neural storage of a long-term memory: sleep supports memory consolidation. When in deep sleep mode, the hippocampus processes memories for later retrieval. Implicit memory system: the cerebellum and basal ganglia. : retention of learned skills or classically conditioned: the cerebellum forms and stores the implicit memories created by classical conditioning. a)
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