AS.030.205 Chapter Notes - Chapter 5: Nucleophile, Exothermic Process, Electrophilic Addition
Chapter 5: Alkenes (Structure, Nomenclature, and an Introduction to
Reactivity), Thermodynamics and Kinetics
Alkene: hydrocarbons that contain a carbon-carbon double bond
5.1: Molecular Formulas and the Degree of Unsaturation
*the general molecular formula for a hydrocarbon is minus two hydrogens for
every pi bond or ring in the molecule
Degree of Unsaturation: total number of pi bonds and rings
Saturated hydrocarbons: contain the maximum number of C-H bonds possible (alkanes);
saturated with hydrogen
Unsaturated hydrocarbons: contain fewer than the maximum number of hydrogens
(alkenes)
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5.2: The Nomenclature of Alkenes
*number the longest continuous chain containing the functional group in the direction that
gives the functional group suffix the lowest possible number
*stereoisomers of an alkene are named using a cis or trans (or E or Z) prefix
*When there are both a functional group and a substituent, the functional group suffix gets
the lowest possible number
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*substituents are stated in alphabetical order
*a substituent receives the lowest possible number only when there is no functional group
suffix or the same number for the functional group suffix is obtained in both
directions
*to assign numbers to any substituents, count around the ring in the direction (cc or ccw)
that puts the lowest number into the name
*if counting in either direction leads to the same number for the alkene functional group
suffix and the same lowest number or numbers for one or more of the substituents,
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