BIOL 1001 Chapter : Chapter 12
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Document Summary
Dna is the instructions (program) that tell the cells what to do. Transcription is the synthesis of rna using dna as a template (guide), dna to rna. Translation is the synthesis of a polypeptide (protein) directed by mrna. Occurs in the cytoplasm: what are the key differences between dna and rna, sugar- deoxyribose (dna) vs. ribose (rna) [ribose has an oh, deoxyribose does not, base- thymine (dna) [gact] is replaced by uracil (rna) [gacu] Dna contains 2 strands; its base pairs are dna-dna [a-t, t-a, c-g, g-c]; contains genes; the sequence of bases in most genes determines the amino acid sequence of a protein. In the genetic code, a triplet of nucleotides specifies an amino acid: explain the roles of mrna, trna, and rrna in translation. mrna-messenger, trna-transfer, rrna-ribosomal. Messenger rna (mrna): carries the code for a protein-coding gene from dna to ribosomes.
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DNA Structure and Function LabReport
- DNA Structure
- Which two scientists are credited with discovering DNA?
- Name the nitrogen bases that are purines.
- Which nitrogen base pairs with thymine?
- List the three components of a nucleotide.
- DNA Replication
- What is the purpose of DNA replication?
- How many times does replication occur in the life of acell?
- In the Lab, Exercise 2, the original strand on the left had thebases shown below. Input the new bases that correctly pair with theoriginal strand.
Original | New |
C | |
A | |
G | |
T |
- RNA Structure
- Describe the structure and function of RNA.
- Refer to Exercise 3 and record the bases of the RNA strandproduced from the replicated DNA strand.
DNA | RNA |
C | |
A | |
G | |
T |
- Record the differences between DNA and RNA in the tablebelow.
DNA | RNA | |
Sugars | ||
Bases | ||
Strands |
- RNA Synthesis
- The process of assembling RNA is called _________.
- How is replication different from transcription?
- Refer to Exercise 4. Write the letters for the base sequence ofmRNA in the spaces below DNA. Note that the order is reversed;start with the 3â end of the DNA strand and the 5â end of the mRNAstrand. Transcription is DNA to mRNA. Note RNA contains Uracilinstead of Thymine; There is no thymine in RNA.
DNA | 3â | C | G | T | C | G | T | C | C | A | A | T | T | 5â |
mRNA | 5â | 3â |
- Protein Synthesis
- What type of RNA provides amino acids to build polypeptidechains?
- If a mRNA strand has the bases 5â CUC 3â, what amino acid willbe translated? Refer to the printable chart in Exercise 5.
- Where in the cell does translation occur?
- Genes
- What could be the problem if there is a change in the basesequence of a gene as it is passed down to the offspring?
- Give an example of a disorder that results from changes in theamino acid sequence.
- What causes sickle cell anemia?
- Gene Cloning
- What is the function of a plasmid?
- Print the document from Lab, Exercise 6. Complete the activityalong with the video demonstration. Sign, date, and take an imageof your final product and include with this lab report.