BIOL 2051 Chapter : Chapter7 Outline
Document Summary
Sequence of nucleotides in dna that codes for a protein. _nucleotide_ sequence corresponds to sequence of _amino acids (what proteins are made of)_ Central dogma of molecular biology: basic processes are the same in prokaryotes & eukaryotes, but the organization of genetic information is more complex in eukaryotes, major differences: Eukaryotes (complicated; replication and transcription occur in nucleus, translation occurs in the cytoplasm) _introns_- dna sequences within genes that are not part of coding sequence for protein. Contain huge amount of noncoding dna between genes (never translated into gene) In humans over 90% of the total dna is noncoding (enhancer sequences, promoters, gene remnants, pieces of viral genomes like lysogenic phages) Chromosomes are usually circular (1 singular circular chromosome) Have little noncoding dna (less than 15%) Cluster of genes controlled by 1 regulatory sequence or promoter. Adenine pairs with thymine by 2 hydrogen bonds (a-t) - Guanine pairs with cytosine by 3 hydrogen bonds (g-c) -