REL 2029 Chapter : Emergence Of Islam
Document Summary
Early authorities: caliphate, caliph: one who acts on behalf of (muhammed, god), whoever is chosen should have adequate knowledge in islamic. Thus, caliph plays same role: jihad: means to struggle; a struggle; an effort . Jihad takes form of constant individual and social reform; but also may lead to violence. If a force against islam, struggle must take form of resistance of such force. Yet, no single recognized authority to declare what is a threat to islam. Early caliphs more pacifistic: the rightly guided caliphs = first four leaders of caliphs. Islam and community fairly separate: abu bakr: first caliph. Caliph for only 2 years (muhammed died 632). Died from old age: umar ibn al-khattab: second caliph. Spreads further into egypt, north africa, iraq, asia minor, (israel area). Establishes first mosque at site believed to be where solomon built his temple; to honor solomon and jewish roots. Poisoned by persian slave with poison dagger (stabbed in the back).
