COMM 215 Chapter Notes - Chapter 6: John Stuart Mill, Rule Utilitarianism, Act Utilitarianism
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Co(cid:374)(cid:272)ept of (cid:862)audie(cid:374)(cid:272)e(cid:863) (those affected by a course of action) From utilitarian standpoint, the audience of an action includes all of those whose well- being could be either increased or de(cid:272)reased (cid:271)y o(cid:374)e"s a(cid:272)tio(cid:374)s. The well-being of each member of the audience should count equally. Moral standard: those actions (or moral rules) are right that produce the most utility, or at least as much utility as any other actions (or rules). Utility is synonymous with happiness or pleasure (however, these terms are defined differently by different people) Defi(cid:374)i(cid:374)g a(cid:374)y of these ter(cid:373)s (cid:449)ould pro(cid:373)pt o(cid:374)e"s o(cid:449)(cid:374) (cid:448)alues o(cid:374) others. John stuart mill: claims that humans have capacities that animals do not have, and that when we as humans are aware of those capacities, we cannot regard anything as happiness unless it includes them. (cid:862)it is (cid:271)etter to (cid:271)e a dissatisfied o(cid:272)rates tha(cid:374) a satisfied fool(cid:863)
