BIOL412 Chapter Notes - Chapter 26: Bacterial Conjugation, Horizontal Gene Transfer, Hfr Cell
Document Summary
No nucleus, mitochondria, or chloroplasts (no membrane-bound organelles) Some similarities to bacteria (small, old, circular loop of dna) Ribosomes immune to antibiotics effective in bacteria. Some live in extreme environments: high temperatures to above boiling crenarcheota, high salinity, or methane producers euryarchaeota. Pili used for conjugation and attachment. Flagella long, single-stranded helical structures composed of the protein flagellin provide locomotion (movement) Nucleoid region: contains one circular loop of dna, may also contain plasmids (one or more small loops of dna) Ribosomes combine amino acids into polyamines and proteins: smaller than those of eukaryotes, differ in protein and rna content, targeted by antibacterial antibiotics. Invaginated cell membrane is the location of respiratory and photosynthetic membranes (through diffusion, no chloroplasts or mitochondria) Endospores static stage: highly resistant structures, released upon cell lysis, function is to germinate back to normal cell. Probably started as viral-like ribozymes (rna enzymes) to modify other rna molecules.
