CHEM 0110 Chapter Notes - Chapter 5: Gas Constant, Stoichiometry, Ideal Gas

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6 Apr 2018

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Pressure: the force exerted per unit area of surface. Acceleration: the change of speed per unit time. The si unit for pressure= kg/(m x s^2) =pa (pascal) Barometer: a device for measuring the pressure of the atmosphere. Manometer: a device that measures the pressure of a gas or liquid in a vessel. millimeters of mercury (mmhg)= torr: a unit of pressure equal to that exerted by a column of mercury 1 mm high at 0. 00 degreesc. Atmosphere (atm): unit of pressure equal to 760 mmhg. The general relationship between the pressure p and the height h of a liquid column in a barometer or manometer is p=gdh g=gravity, d=density of the liquid in the manometer. If g,d, and h are in si units, the pressure is given in pascals. 5. 2 empirical gas laws: all gases under moderate conditions respond pretty logically to pressure, temperature, volume, and molar amount. Holding any two constant, can see relationship to the other one.

Related Questions

To understand several methods of measuring gas pressure. Gases exert a measurable pressure (P) on the walls of their container. The SI unit for pressure is the pascal (Pa). Other pressure units frequently used in chemistry are millimeters of mercury (mmHg) and atmospheres (atm). You can convert between units of pressure using conversion factors such as those indicated below. 1 atm=760 mmHg=101,325 Pa

Part A

On a rainy day, a barometer reads 737 mmHg . Convert this value to atmospheres.

Express your answer numerically in atmospheres

Part B

A closed container is filled with oxygen. The pressure in the container is 445 kPa . What is the pressure in millimeters of mercury?

Express the pressure numerically in millimeters of mercury.

Part C

What is the pressure (in atmospheres) of the gas inside the container connected to an open-end, mercury-filled manometer as shown in the picture? (Figure 1) The atmospheric pressure is 0.95 atm.

Express your answer numerically in atmospheres.

Converting between Units of Pressure Gases are different from solids and liquids. In a sample of gas, the molecules are far apart. The gas molecules also move around and collide with each other as well as with the walls of the container. These collisions generate pressure. The pressure of a gas can be measured in different units. One convenient unit of measure is called the atmosphere (atm) because it is based on atmospheric pressure. At sea level, the average pressure is 1 atm. As you get higher in altitude, the pressure steadily drops until you leave the atmosphere, where the pressure is very close to 0 atm. The table below shows the different commonly used units of measuring gas pressure. Use this table in the pressure unit conversions. Unit Abbreviation 1 atm equivalent atmosphere atm 1.00 atm (exact) millimeters of mercury mmHg 760 mmHg torr torr 760 torr inches of mercury in.Hg 29.9 in.Hg pounds per square inch (psi) lb/in.2 14.7 lb/in.2 pascal Pa 101,325 Pa.

Part C

High-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) is a method used in chemistry and biochemistry to purify chemical substances. The pressures used in this procedure range from around 500 kilopascals (500,000 Pa) to about 60,000 kPa (60,000,000 Pa). It is often convenient to know the pressure in torr. If an HPLC procedure is running at a pressure of 5.81Ã10⁸ Pa , what is its running pressure in torr?

Express the pressure numerically in torr.

Gas absorption or gas scrubbing is a commonly used method for removing environmentally undesirable species from waste gases in chemical manufacturing and combustion processes. The waste gas is contacted with a liquid solvent in which the potential pollutants are highly soluble and the other species in the waste gas are relatively insoluble. Most of the pollutants go into solution and emerge with the liquid effluent from the scrubber, and the cleaned gas is discharged to the atmosphere. The liquid effluent may be discharged to a waste lagoon or subjected to further treatment to recover the solvent and/or to convert the pollutant to a species that can be released safely to the environment. A waste gas containing SO2 (a precursor of acid rain) and several other species (collectively designated as A) is fed to a scrubbing tower where it contacts a solvent (B) that absorbs SO2. The solvent feed rate to the tower is 1000 L/min. The specific gravity of the solvent is 1.30. Absorption of A and evaporation of B in the scrubber may be neglected. The gas in the scrubber rises through a series of trays (metal plates perforated with many small holes), and the solvent flows over the trays and through down comers to the trays below. Gas bubbles emerge from the holes in each tray and rise through the covering liquid, and SO2 diffuses out of the bubbles and into solution. The volumetric flow rate of the feed gas is determined with an orifice meter with a differential mercury manometer being used to measure the pressure drop across the orifice Calibration data for this meter are tabulated here: The molar density of the feed gas may be determined from the formula where P and T are the absolute pressure and temperature of the gas. An electrochemical detector is used to measure the SO2 concentration in the inlet and outlet gas streams: SO2 in the sampled gas is absorbed in a solution across which a fixed voltage is applied, and the mole fraction of SO2 in the gas is determined from the resulting current. The calibration curve for the analyzer is a straight line on a semi log plot of y(mol SO2/mol total) versus R (analyzer reading), which passes through the following points: The following data are taken:

Refer to charts and flow diagram from this url:
http://www.solutioninn.com/engineering/chemical-engineering/chemical-processes/gas-absorption-or-gas-scrubbing-is-a-commonly-used-method

(b) Determine (I) the orifice meter calibration formula by plotting V versus h on logarithmic axes and (ii) the SO2 analyzer calibration formula.
(c) Calculate (I) the mass fraction of SO2 in the liquid effluent stream and (ii) the rate at which SO2 is removed from the feed gas (kg SO2/min).
(d) The scrubber column trays commonly have diameters on the order of 1ï¿½5 meters and perforation holes on the order of 4ï¿½12 mm in diameter, leading to the formation of many tiny bubbles in the liquid on each tray. Speculate on the advantages of making the bubbles as small aspossible.

CHEM 0110 Chapter Notes - Chapter 5: Gas Constant, Stoichiometry, Ideal Gas

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