01:146:356 Chapter Notes - Chapter 7: Pineal Gland, Pseudohypoparathyroidism, Gonadotropin
23 Mar 2016
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Chapter seven: introduction to the endocrine system: hormones. Act on cells by controlling the rates of enzymatic reactions, controlling the transport of ions or molecules across cell membranes, or by controlling gene expression and protein synthesis. Organotherapy: injection of extracts from different endocrine glands into patients o. Sequard"s experiment was placebo-fied but served as basis of hormone therapy. Pheromones: specialized ectohormones that act on other organisms of the same species to elicit a physiological or behavioral response. Cholecystokinin: intenstinal hormone that contracts gall bladder, controls hunger, and acts as a neurotransmitter in brain. Erthyropoetin (rbc production) however is considered a hormone. Cellular mechanism of action: act on multiple tissues, different functions depending on tissue type o. Insulin alters glucose transport proteins and enzymes for glucose metabolism in muscle/adipose tissue but it modulates enzyme activity in liver without any direct effect on glucose concentration and in brain and other tissues, glucose metabolism is independent of insulin.
