NUTR 201 Chapter Notes - Chapter 8: Dietary Fiber, Insulin Resistance, Ketone

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limeimpala50

6 Nov 2016

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Chapter 8: energy balance and body weight regulation. The amount of energy you consume should be in balance with the amount of energy your body requires (+/-) energy stored = energy consumed energy expended. Energy balance a state in which energy intake equals energy expenditure. Energy imbalance a state in which the amount of energy consumed does not equal the amount of energy used by the body. Positive energy balance a state in which energy intake is greater than energy expenditure. Negative energy balance a state in which energy intake is less than energy expenditure. A change in body weight is a useful indicator of whether you are in a positive or negative energy balance. Adipokines hormone-like substances produced and released by adipocytes. Adipose-derived hormones and adipokines provide an important communication link between adipocytes and other tissues and organs. Many adipokines regulate immune and inflammatory processes. Specifically those thought to be involved in weight-related diseases (type.

Related Questions

Practicing nutritional adequacy is important during weight loss but not weight gain. True or False.

Which of the following is an important factor in achieving and maintaining a healthy body weight? a. Using drugs for appetite regulation b. Incorporating behavior modification c. Undergoing cosmetic surgery d. Practicing junk food denial e. Eliminating dietary fat

Diet and disease relationships are identified through the process of scientific inquiry. a. True b. False

Fat located around the ________ is associated with increased risk for disease. a. thighs b. buttocks c. waist d. shoulders e. extremities

Weight loss occurs when a. calorie intake exceeds expenditure. b. calorie expenditure exceeds intake. c. calorie intake matches expenditure. d. calorie balance occurs. e. calorie monitoring occurs.

The BMI indicates the healthiness of a person's body weight and composition. a. True b. False

An optimal ratio of carbohydrate to protein in a recovery meal is 1:4. a. True b. False

A person expends most of his or her energy each day in a. physical activity. b. basal Metabolic Rate. c. hormonal gender controls. d. voluntary muscle contractions. e. eating.

Excess body fatness is associated with increased risk for cancer. a. True b. False

Which of the following exercise is considered aerobic? a. Basketball b. Tennis c. Hockey d. Jogging e. Weight lifting

mauvewombat755

Lets explore this relationship between hibernation and bodysize, by considering stored energy and the rate of energymetabolism (utilization). Here, you will calculate whetherhibernation is necessary by comparing a 1200 pound polar bear and a1.5 pound grey squirrel (like those living here in Columbus). Wecan compare how long each could survive during a winter fast ifthey used only body fat as their energy source, and do nothibernate (which requires a drop in metabolism below the BMR). Theweight-specific Basal metabolic rate (BMR) of mammals is 4.46M^-0.30 when expressed in units ofmLO₂consumed per gram of body tissue perhour and (importantly) weight is calculated ingrams. For this simple estimate, you may use BMR, but keepin mind that small animals have a larger increase in metabolismwith temperature than large animals. Calculate how long each animalcould survive on stored fat equal to 20% of its total body weight(this is a fairly reasonable fat amount found in both squirrels andbears in nature). Make sure you keep all units very clear duringthis calculation, there are many steps.

Potentially useful information:

The value of energy content of fat is 9.3 kCal per gram of fatand 2.0 L of O₂ are consumed per gram of fatmetabolized. There are 5280 feet in a mile, and 1.0 foot = 0.3048meters. One calorie = 4.184 joules. One pound (lb) = 454 grams andone ounce is 28.375 grams.

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Some of the excess calories we consume are stored as fat glycogen. Excess storage can lead to obesity, which is one of the worldwide health issues in humans. Body weight is regulated by complex brain circuitry involving peripheral factors that primarily work in the brain. Please answer the following questions:

a) John is 30 years old. His height is 170cm and body weight is 88kg. Based on his BMI, is John is obese or not? (1.5 marks)

b) The ob/ob mutant mouse become obese due to mutation in the gene responsible for the production of a polypeptide hormone that affects the adipose tissue mass. What is the name of the hormone and where is produced in the body? (1.5 marks)

c) Pleases explain how the hormone regulates body weight, including the major brain site of its action (1 mark), its effect on appetite (2 marks) and the contribution of brown adipose tissue to the weight regulation. (2 marks)

d) In addition to this hormone, a peptide hormone produced by the gastrointestinal tract also contributes to regulating appetite and energy expenditure. The hormone was discovered by a Japanese group in 1990s. What is the name of the hormone? (0.5 mark) What is the main effect of this gut hormone on food intake, body weight and hunger signals? (1.5 marks)

NUTR 201 Chapter Notes - Chapter 8: Dietary Fiber, Insulin Resistance, Ketone

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