Explain clearly, all of the number.
6) Calculate the effective nuclear charge for oxygen. (2) 7) True or False (9) Effective nuclear charge is the positive charge experienced by the electron from the nucleus and it increases from left to right across the period a. b. Effective nuclear charge slightly decreases going down a family. c. Atomic radius tends to decrease moving from left to right within a period due to the increasing principal quantum number. Anions are larger than their parent atoms because electrons are added to the valence shell increasing the electron-electron repulsion. d. e. The Zett for chlorine is larger than that of magnesium. f. Mg2* is smaller than Na because Mg2 has an extra electron. g. The ionization energy of Na* is significantly higher Na2 because it takes more energy to remove the inner shell core electrons. Ca, Cr, and Ni are metallic elements because they are on the right side of the periodic table. Sb, Al, and Ar are metalloids (semi-metals) because their properties fall between those of metals and those of non-metals. h. i. Calculate the electronegativity difference (ED) and then classify the bonding as either non-polar covalent (NPC), polar covalent (PC) or ionic (1). Use the electronegativity values from the power point in class. (10) 8) (NPC , PC,I) (NPC , PC,I) (NPC , PC,㪠NPC , PC, I) (NPC , PC,I) ED ED a. C-H c. Na-C ED d. F-0 ED ED e. N-C
