PHI 108 Chapter Notes - Chapter 7: Modus Ponens, Fallacy, Modus Tollens
16 Jan 2019
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Document Summary
Contingent statements - statements that are neither necessarily true nor necessarily false. The truth table for any contingent proposition contains both true and false results in the main operator column. The truth value for this proposition is contingent on (it depends on) the truth values of the component parts. Noncontingent statements - the truth values in the main operator column do not depend on the truth values of the compound parts. Tautology - a statement that is necessarily true. Horses are carnivorous or horses are not carnivorous. P v ~ p must be true whether p is true or false. Tautologies are sometimes referred to as empty truths because they offer no real information. Self-contradiction - a statement that is necessarily false. The number 2 is an even number and the number 2 is not an even number. F) logical equivalence and contradictory, consistent, and inconsistent statements. P ~ p must be false whether p is true or false.
