3100:103 Chapter Notes - Chapter 8: Stabilizing Selection, Population Genetics, Mutation

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indigoraccoon505

22 Dec 2016

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Chapter 8: describe how natural selection works, describe 3 ways natural selection can modify traits in populations, explain the four ways evolutionary change can take place. Identify the difference between evolution and natural selection: understand and explain the five different lines of evidence for the occurrence of evolution, describe the ways evolution can be observed today. Individuals with one version of the trait must produce more offspring than those with a different version of the trait. A variation increases fitness this means that member of the population will pass on the trait. Changing the population over time or evolving it. Disruptive selection- describes changes in population genetics in which extreme values for a trait are favored over intermediate values. In this case, the variance of the trait increases and the population is divided into two distinct groups. An alteration of the base-pair sequence in the dna of an individual"s gamete-producing cells that changes an allele"s frequency.

Related Questions

Many traits are affected by theenvironment, but also have a genetic component. How can wepartition the sources of variation? Write a formula for this. Ifyou want to measure the sources of variation, how can this be doneexperimentally? Write out howyou can do this making specific reference to yourformula.

Heritability can be defined in two ways.What are these definitions and how are they different?

Not all genetic variation is the same. Whatis the difference between additive, dominance, and epistatic formsof genetic variation? Define all three, and update your formula. Inaddition, use a regression plot to schematize additive anddominance variation (ie, box 9.2).

Differential survival and reproduction canbe measured empirically, as can quantitative phenotypes of nearlyany organism. From these we can calculate selection differentialsand selection gradients. What are selection differentials andgradients?

Selection can act on quantitative traits ina variety of ways. Draw a diagram of what directional, stabilizing,and disruptive selection would look like on the distribution of atrait, then describe and explain the differences. Write concisedefinitions next to each type of selection.

If two populations differ in a trait thathas a high heritability, is it valid to conclude that the twopopulations differ genetically with respect to that trait? Useevidence from section 9.7 to explain why or why not.

greenminnow746

1/ What is the difference between the different patterns ofselection: directional, stabilizing, anddiversifying?

2/ How do bacteria acquire genetic variation and how does thatdiffer from the mechanism by which humans acquire variation?

3/ What were the key observations made by Darwin to develop thebasic tenants of the theory of evolution? Has thistheory been tested?

4/ What are the most common misconceptionsabout evolution and why are they not valid arguments againstevolution?

5/ The key component of the theory of evolution isnatural selection. Define this process. Why is itcommonly known as âsurvival of the fittestâ? What are examples offactors (selective pressures) that drive evolutionof populations?

6/ What is the indirect evidence of evolution? What arehomologous and analogousstructures? What is convergent evolution?How does similarity of proteins between different species supportthe idea of evolution?

7/ Be able to explain why the following statement is true:Natural Selection works on individuals while evolution works onpopulations over generations. Or to put it another way: Individualsdo not evolve, populations do.

8/ How can evolution explain theformation of complex structures such as the eye or the flagellamotor?

9/ What causes variation in a species? To putthis another way: all humans have the same genes, yet we do notlook alike. What is the reason for the phenotypicdifferences between individuals of the same species? What isgenetic recombination?

10/ What are the dangers of small populations of a species froma genetic and evolutionary standpoint? What is thebottleneck effect?

11. How does speciation occur? What is theimportance of geographic isolation? How is thisillustrated in the Galapagos?

12. What is Darwinian Medicine and how does ithelp us better understand medical conditions?

copperhornet769

1. What is the difference between the different patternsof selection: directional, stabilizing, anddiversifying?

2. How do bacteria acquire genetic variation and how doesthat differ from the mechanism by which humans acquirevariation?

3. What were the key observations made by Darwin todevelop the basic tenants of the theory of evolution? Has thistheory been tested?

4. What are the most common misconceptions about evolutionand why are they not valid arguments against evolution?

5. The key component of the theory of evolution is naturalselection. Define this process. Why is it commonly known asâsurvival of the fittestâ? What are examples of factors (selectivepressures) that drive evolution of populations?

6. What is the indirect evidence of evolution? What arehomologous and analogous structures? What is convergent evolution?How does similarity of proteins between different species supportthe idea of evolution?

7. Be able to explain why the following statement is true:Natural Selection works on individuals while evolution works onpopulations over generations. Or to put it another way: Individualsdo not evolve, populations do.

8. How can evolution explain the formation of complexstructures such as the eye or the flagella motor?

9. What causes variation in a species? To put this anotherway: all humans have the same genes, yet we do not look alike. Whatis the reason fro the phenotypic differences between individuals ofthe same species? What is genetic recombination?

10. What are the dangers of small populations of a speciesfrom a genetic and evolutionary standpoint? What is the bottleneckeffect?

11. How does speciation occur? What is the importance ofgeographic isolation? How is this illustrated in theGalapagos?

12. What is Darwinian Medicine and how does it help usbetter understand medical conditions?

carminegnu677

3100:103 Chapter Notes - Chapter 8: Stabilizing Selection, Population Genetics, Mutation

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