PSY 223 Chapter Notes - Chapter 9: Lev Vygotsky, Cognitive Development, Educational Television

• School: University of Maine
• Department: Psychology
• Course: PSY 223
• Professor: Karim Assous

Document Summary

The preoperational stage is the se(cid:272)o(cid:374)d stage i(cid:374) piaget(cid:859)s s(cid:272)he(cid:373)e of (cid:272)og(cid:374)iti(cid:448)e de(cid:448)elop(cid:373)e(cid:374)t, characterized by inflexible and irreversible mental manipulation. Preoperational thinking is characterized by symbolic thought, the use of symbols to represent objects and relationships among them. Symbolic play is play in which children make believe that objects and toys are other than what they actually are, it is also called pretend play. Pretend play usually begins at about 12-13 months of age, when the child begins to symbolize objects. At the age of 15-20 months a child may shift their focus from themselves to others, often interacting with an object such as a doll. The (cid:395)ualit(cid:455) of p(cid:396)ete(cid:374)d pla(cid:455) is also (cid:272)o(cid:374)(cid:374)e(cid:272)ted (cid:449)ith p(cid:396)es(cid:272)hoole(cid:396)s(cid:859) creativity and their ability to relate to peers. Imaginary friends are an example of pretend play, imaginary friends are positive entities rather than indicators of psychological problems, around 65% of preschoolers have imaginary friends.