BIS 2C Chapter Notes - Chapter 21-1: Gene Duplication, Parallel Evolution, Synapomorphy
10 Aug 2018
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21. 1 all of life is connected through its evolutionary history. Phylogenetic tree: diagrammatic reconstruction of that history. Phylogenies enable biologists to compare organisms and make predictions and inferences based on similarities and differences in traits. Only homologous traits are used in reconstructing phylogenetic trees. Lineage: a series of ancestor and descendant populations. Node: split, divide an ancestral population into two. Each of the descendant populations gives rise to a new lineage. As these independent lineages evolve, new traits arise in each. Root: common ancestor of all the organisms in the tree. Taxon: any group of species that we designate with a name. Clade: a taxon w/ monophyletic group made up of an ancestor and all of its descendants. Sister species: two species that are each other"s closest relatives. Sister clades: any two clades that are each other"s closest relatives. Systematics: the study and classification of biodiversity: phylogenetic trees are the basis of comparative biology.
