HSC 4201 Chapter Notes - Chapter 11: Dorothea Dix, Philippe Pinel, William Tuke
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Colonial america : communities were sparsely population, (cid:862)dist(cid:396)a(cid:272)ted(cid:863) pe(cid:396)so(cid:374)s o(cid:396) (cid:862)lu(cid:374)ati(cid:272)s(cid:863) (cid:449)e(cid:396)e ge(cid:374)e(cid:396)al (cid:272)a(cid:396)ed fo(cid:396) (cid:271)y thei(cid:396) fa(cid:373)ilies o(cid:396) p(cid:396)i(cid:448)ate caretakers, only as a last resort they became the responsibility of the local community. Institutionalization did not begin until the eighteenth century when people with mental disorders were placed in undifferentiated poorhouses or almshouses alongside people with mental retardation, physical disabilities, and the otherwise deviant. By the nineteenth century : the situation in the poorhouses and almshouses worsened and the first efforts were made to separate people by their type of disability. 1751, thomas bond opened pennsylvania hospital: the first institution in american specifically designed to care for those with mental illnesses, conditions in this hospital were harsh, treatments consisted of: Philippe pinel of france developed a more humane approach that he called traitement moral or in english, moral treatment: based upo(cid:374) the assu(cid:373)ptio(cid:374) that e(cid:374)(cid:448)i(cid:396)o(cid:374)(cid:373)e(cid:374)tal (cid:272)ha(cid:374)ges (cid:272)ould affe(cid:272)t a(cid:374) i(cid:374)di(cid:448)idual"s mind and thus alter behavior.
