LIFESCI 1 Chapter Notes - Chapter 27: Alveolate, Heterokont, Microvillus
Document Summary
Internal protein scaffolding and dynamic membranes organize the eukaryotic cell. All membranes of the endomembrane system are interconnected by movement of vesicles. The cytoskeleton and membrane system are flexible in another way: a change in the expression of a few genes can change their shape and organization. In eukaryotic cells, energy metabolism is localized in mitochondria and chloroplasts. Aerobic respiration in the mitochondria and photosynthesis in the chloroplast. The organization of the eukaryotic genome also helps explain eukaryotic diversity. The majority of a prokaryote"s dna is arranged in a single circular chromosome, speed of replication allows for the speed of reproduction. Selection favors those strains of bacteria and archaea that retain only the genetic material vital to the organism. Eukaryotes have multiple linear chromosomes and can begin replication from many sites on each one and have introns. Gives fine control of gene expression required for both multicellular development and complex life cycles, two major features of eukaryotic diversity.
