BIOL 1107 Chapter Notes - Chapter 3: Ammonia, Semipermeable Membrane, Cell Nucleus
Document Summary
Most macromolecules are polymers, built from monomers. Sec 3. 1 - amino acids and their polymerization: amino acids: building blocks of proteins, central alpha carbon surrounded by: Amino group (nh2: hydrogen atom, carboxyl group. **r-group, which is the thing that differentiates one amino acid from another: non-ionized form (images taken from google) In water, the concentration of proton causes the amino group to attract a proton and form nh3+, and the carboxyl group loses a proton forming. Coo: side chains, nonpolar, polar; partial charges can form hydrogen bonds, electrically charged; charged side chains can form ionic and hydrogen bonds. Single bonds on either side of peptide bond can rotate structure as a whole is flexible: peptide = fewer than 50 amino acids linked together, polypeptide = more than 50 amino acids linked. Van der waals interactions: electrical attractions among side chains: covalent bonding: s-s bonds. Ionic bonding: quaternary structure, combination of many polypeptides.
