BISC207 Chapter Notes - Chapter 6: Terpenoid, Carboxylic Acid, Covalent Bond
11 Jan 2017
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● Lipid a carbon containing compound that are found in organisms and largely nonpolar
and hydrophobic
● Isoprene , a 5 carbon compound, can link each other , end to end to form a long
branched hydrocarbon chain called isoprenoids
● Fatty acids have unbranched hydrocarbon chains (isoprenoid + carboxyl group)
○ Used to store chemical energy
● Steroids
○ Characteristic four-ring hydrocarbon structure
○ Various steroids differ from one another by the functional groups or side groups
attached to different carbons in those hydrophobic rings
● Fats
○ Three fatty acid molecules joined by ester linkages to a glycerol molecule
○ Ester linkage : covalent bond formed by a condensation reaction between a
carboxyl group and a hydroxyl group. Ester linkages join fatty acids to glycerol to
form a fat or phospholipid
● Phospholipids
○ Consist of a glycerol that is linked to a phosphate group and two hydrocarbon
chains of either isoprenoids or fatty acids; also bound to a small organic molecule
that is charged or polar
○ Phospholipids include a hydrophilic head (including a phosphate group) and a
hydrophobic tail (consisting of two hydrocarbon chains)
○ Major component of plasma membranes and organelle membranes
● Amphipathic- substances that contain both hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions
(phospholipids are an ex)
● Adding cholesterol to membranes decreases their permeability to glycerol. The
permeability of all membranes analyzed in this experiment increases with increasing
temp
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Document Summary
Lipid a carbon containing compound that are found in organisms and largely nonpolar and hydrophobic. Isoprene , a 5 carbon compound, can link each other , end to end to form a long branched hydrocarbon chain called isoprenoids. Fatty acids have unbranched hydrocarbon chains (isoprenoid + carboxyl group) Various steroids differ from one another by the functional groups or side groups attached to different carbons in those hydrophobic rings. Three fatty acid molecules joined by ester linkages to a glycerol molecule. Ester linkage : covalent bond formed by a condensation reaction between a carboxyl group and a hydroxyl group. Ester linkages join fatty acids to glycerol to form a fat or phospholipid. Consist of a glycerol that is linked to a phosphate group and two hydrocarbon chains of either isoprenoids or fatty acids; also bound to a small organic molecule that is charged or polar.
