CHEM 112 Chapter Notes - Chapter 22: Ketone, Chch-Dt, Hydrogenation
Document Summary
22. 1 alkanes: saturated hydrocarbons: straight-chain hydrocarbons, straight-chain alkanes have the formula c nh2n+2, carbons are sp3 hybridized. C10h22: structural isomers, same formula, but the atoms are bonded together in a different order, different bonding order results in different properties. The substituents are listed in alphabetical order (irrespective of any prefix), and the prefixes di-, tri-, etc. are used to indicate multiple identical substituents. 1: reactions of alkanes, combustion reactions, 2c2h6(g) + 7o2(g) (cid:224) 4co2(g) + 6h2o(g, substitution reactions hv. 2: polymerization (1) small molecules are joined together to form a large molecule. 3: reactions of aromatic hydrocarbons, substitution reactions. Petroleum contains molecules that vary from short chain (1 to 4 carbons) to very long chains (greater than 25 carbons). In the nineteenth century, kerosene and gas oil were the most desirable fraction of petroleum. With the advent of the internal combustion engine, the shorter chain molecules that make up gasoline became more important.
