CHEM 111 Chapter Notes - Chapter 8: Covalent Bond, Ionic Bonding, Valence Electron
Document Summary
Forces between molecules and how they result in the formation of covalent bonds within molecules. Matter is made up of atoms and ions that experience both attractive and repulsive forces. Coulomb"s law: the strength of the force between two charged particles together in any material: force = (qa) (qb) R^2: for electrons, q = -e, for nuclei, q = ze, e= magnitude of electron charge (1. 6022 x 10^-19, z= nuclear charge (number of protons, r= distance between particles a and b. The balance of these forces and the resulting overall decrease in energy results in the formation of chemical bonds: chemical bonds: interactions that hold two or more atoms together. Chemical attractive forces involve opposite charges between protons in a nucleus and the electrons surrounding the nucleus or between positive and negative ions. Repulsive forces occur between species with like charges like the positively charged nuclei of two bonded atoms.
