BIOL 212 Chapter Notes - Chapter 7: Mature Messenger Rna, Messenger Rna, Precursor Mrna

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19 Feb 2018

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Chapter 7: from dna to protein: how cells read the genome. Production of different mrnas (and proteins) from the same gene by splicing its rna transcripts in different ways. Aminoacyl-trna synthetase during protein synthesis, an enzyme that attaches the correct amino acid to a. Rna splicing trna molecule to form a :charged aminoacyl-trna. Set of 3 consecutive nucleotides in a transfer rna molecule that recognizes, through base-pairing, the 3-nucleotide codon on a messenger rna molecules; this interaction helps to deliver the correct amino acid to a growing polypeptide chain. Group of 3 consecutive nucleotides that specifies a particular amino acid or that starts or stops protein synthesis; applies to the nucleotides in an mrna or in a coding sequence of dna. Segment of a eukaryotic gene that is transcribed into rna and dictates the amino acid sequence of part of a protein.

Related Questions

Gene ExpressionQuestions

Question 1

#1) Match the following reactions to the correct step of proteinsynthesis by ribosomes.

___ Hydrolysis of GTP and disassembly of the translationcomplex.

___ binding of initiator aminoacyl-tRNA

___ formation of the peptide bond

___ translocation of ribosome

___ Use of 2 mole-equivalents of ATP and attachment of an aminoacid to a transfer RNA molecule

Answer Choices for Number #1
A. initiation step
B. elongation step
C. termination step
D. aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase reaction

Question 2

#2) Mark which of the following are needed for the synthesis ofRNA by RNA polymerase:

___ primer

___ ATP, CTP, GTP, UTP

___ dATP, dCTP, dGTP, dTTP

___ template

Question 3

#3) Mark which of the following are properties of a bacteria(prokaryotic) messenger RNA:

___		It has a cap at the 5'-end.
___		It has a poly-A tail at the 3'-end.
___		It has a 5'-untranslated region (UTR).
___		It has a 3'-untranslated (UTR) region.

Question 4

#4) Match the following RNA molecules to their respectivefunctions in the cell.

___ transfer RNA

___ ribosomal RNA

___ messenger RNA

___ small nuclear RNA (snRNA)

Answer Choices for Number #4

A. This RNA serves as the template for protein synthesis.
B. This molecule is a molecular component of ribosomes.
C. This molecule is a component of spliceosomes and serves torecognize the exon-intron junctions
D. This RNA molecule is delivers the amino acid to the ribosome andit recognizes the appropriate codons with its anticodon loop.

burgundyturtle416

1. _________________________ is the name of the process that produces proteins using RNA molecules.

a.Transcription

b Translation

c. Replication

d. Mutagenesis

2. The peptide bonding site on the ribosome:

a. A site

b. P site

c. E site

d. D site

3. The name given to the bond formed between two amino acids.

a. Hydrogen bond

b. Double bond

c. Peptide bond

d. Negative bond

4. __________________________ is the movement of the mRNA molecule on the ribosome to open up the A-site for the new incoming amino acid.

a. Transformation

b. Mutation

c. Translocation

d. Initiation

5. What does the term semi-conservative mean.

a. Replication of RNA is semi-conservative, each new strand consists of one old strand of RNA and one new strand of RNA.

b. Replication of DNA is semi-conservative, each new strand consists of one old strand of DNA and one new strand of DNA.

c. Replication of DNA is semi-conservative, each new strand consists of new strands of nucleotides.

d. Transcription of RNA is semi conservative.

6. This molecule functions during protein synthesis to recognize the codon and bring the proper amino acid back to the ribosome for translation.

a. mRNA

b. tRNA

c. rRNA

d. DNA polymerase

7. What is meant by the base-pairing rule.

a. Bases on a single strand of DNA are always found as pairs

b. Adenine always base pairs with guanine; cytosine with thymine

c. Adenine always base pairs with thymine; cytosine with guanine

d. Bases on a single strand of RNA are found in pair.

8. In this step of protein synthesis, amino acids are added to a growing polypeptide chain.

a. Initiation.

b. Elongation.

c. Termination.

d. Transpiration.

9. Three complementary bases found in a mRNA are called ____________________.

a. Anti-codon.

b. Triplet.

c. Doublet.

d. Codons.

10. Which statement best describes the job or function of the messenger RNA.

a. Carries the map of the gene sequence in the form of codons to the cytoplasm

for translation of the protein.

b. It transfers amino acids to the ribosome for protein synthesis.

c. It forms the ribosomes.

d. It helps replicate DNA.

ceruleangnat663

Fill in the blank. Elongation during translation does NOT involve ____________.

Question 16 options:

	the translation of codons according to the genetic code
	the formation of bonds catalyzed by the ribosome
	complementary base pairing between RNA molecules
	amino acids being linked together in a polypeptide
	reading the DNA template 3' to 5'

For a given gene, what establishes the reading frame for translation?

Question 17 options:

	the location of the enhancer relative to the gene
	the first three nucleotides at the 5' end of the mRNA
	the first three nucleotides at the 3' end of the mRNA
	the start codon in the mRNA
	the location of the promoter relative to the gene

Which of the following is the LEAST likely direct consequence of a substitution mutation?

Question 18 options:

	changing the length of a protein coded for by a gene
	changing one amino acid in a protein
	creating a stop codon
	eliminating a start codon
	changing the length of the DNA molecule containing a gene

Suppose that the pre-mRNA transcript from a eukaryotic gene is 30,000 nucleotides long, and the gene codes for a sequence of 300 amino acids. What is the best explanation for the relationship between these numbers?

Question 19 options:

	only the first 900 nucleotides of the pre-mRNA transcript are translated
	it takes 100 nucleotides to specify a single amino acid
	300 of the nucleotides in the transcript are important, and the rest are "junk"
	only the last 900 nucleotides of the pre-mRNA transcript are translated
	large portions of pre-mRNA transcripts are cut out during RNA processing

Suppose an individual is born into a population with a novel mutation. Is the new mutation an evolutionary change, and why?

Question 20 options:

	no, because it is not a big enough change to count
	yes, because new mutations are always adaptive
	yes, because the appearance of a new genetic variant is a genetic change in a population
	no, because not enough individuals have the mutation for it to matter
	no, because most mutations are not adaptive

BIOL 212 Chapter Notes - Chapter 7: Mature Messenger Rna, Messenger Rna, Precursor Mrna

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