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ACG2021 Chapter Notes - Chapter 1: Purchasing Manager, Financial Accounting, Going Concern

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School
UNF
Department
Accounting: General
Course
ACG2021
Professor
Michelman

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Document Summary

Accounting functions: identifying- select transactions and events. 2, recording- input, measure, and log: communicating- prepare, analyze, and interpret. C1: explain the purpose and importance of accounting. Accounting- an information and measurement system that identifies, records, and communicates an organization"s financial activities. Record keeping/bookkeeping- the recording of transactions and events. C2: identify users and uses of, and opportunities in accounting. Financial accounting- focuses on the needs of external users. External users- do not directly run the organization and have limited access to financial information. Managerial accounting- focuses on the needs of internal users. Opportunities in accounting: financial, managerial, taxation, accounting-related. Public accounting- involves services such as taxation and auditing. C4: explain why ethics are crucial to accounting. 3 step process for making ethical decisions: identify ethical concern, analyze options, make ethical decision. Rationalization- justification of commiting fraud efficiency, and uphold company policy and verification of internal controls and emphasizes effective internal controls.

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Related Questions

Chapter 1 Financial Accounting and Accounting Standards

The essential characteristics of accounting are (1) theidentification, measurement, and communication of financialinformation about (2) economic entities to (3) interested partiesFinancial accounting is_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________.For example accounting information is used by financial accountingto decide whether to invest in the company, evaluate borrowingcapacity to determine the extent of a loan to grant or buy, sell,hold equity and debt instruments.

Managerial accounting is_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________.

The financial statements* most frequently provided are (1)_______________________ (2) _______________________ (3)_______________________ (4) _______________________ *Also part ofthe financial statements are the notes of the financial statements.Other means of financial reporting that are not financialstatements include the president’s letter or supplementaryschedules in the corporate annual report, prospectuses, reportsfiled with government agencies, news releases, managementforecasts, and social or environmental impactstatements.

a) The objectives of Financial Reporting The objective;__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

General-purpose financialstatements_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________.

Entity perspective____________________________________________________________________

Provide decision-useful_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________.

The accounting profession has developed a set of standards andprocedures called _________________________________________________________

Which of the following represents a form of communicationthrough financial reporting but not through financialstatements?

A. Notes to financial statements. B. Balance sheet. C.President's letter. D. Income statement.

The objective of financial reporting places most emphasison:

A. providing specific guidance related to specific needs. B.providing information to individuals who are experts in the field.C. reporting on stewardship. D. reporting to capital providers.

General-purpose financial statements are prepared primarily for:A. external users. B. auditors. C. internal users. D. governmentregulators.

LO 1.2 Identify the major policy-setting bodies and their rolein the standard-setting process.

Three organizations: Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC):______________________________

American Institute of Certified Public Accountants (AICPA):_______________________________________________________________

Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB):____________________________

The federal government established the SEC to help develop andstandardize financial information presented to stockholders. Mostcompanies that issue securities to the public or are listed on astock exchange are required to file audited financial statementswith the SEC._____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________.

Under the direction of the SEC the__________________________________ was created by the AICPA in_______. It was the first private sector organization that had thetask of setting accounting standards in the United States. ___________________________________________________ that narrowedthe wide range of alternative accounting practices then inexistence. In _______. the __________________________________ wasformed to meet the demand for more structured accounting standards.The APB issued pronouncements on accounting principles until_______. the pronouncements where known as _________________, whenit was replaced by the __________________________________ .WheatCommittee’s recommendations resulted in creation of FASB.

The FASB represents the current rule-making body within theaccounting profession. The mission of the FASB is to establish andimprove standards of financial accounting and reporting for theguidance and education of the public, which includes issuers,auditors, and users of financial information. The FASB differs fromthe predecessor APB in the following ways: a.__________________________________ b.__________________________________ c.__________________________________ d.__________________________________ e.__________________________________

In 1984, the FASB created the __________________________________The purpose of the Task Force is to reach a consensus on how toaccount for new and unusual financial transactions that have thepotential for creating differing financial reporting practices.

Which organization was responsible for issuing AccountingResearch Bulletins? A. The Accounting Principles Board. B. The SEC.C. The Committee on Accounting Procedure. D. The FASB.

The Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) was proposed bythe A. Study Group on the Objectives of Financial Statements. B.American Institute of Certified Public Accountants. C. Study Groupon establishment of Accounting Principles (Wheat Committee). D.Accounting Principles Board.

The major distinction between the Financial Accounting StandardsBoard (FASB) and its predecessor, the Accounting Principles Board(APB), is A. a majority of the members of the FASB are CPAs who aredrawn from public practice. B. all members of the FASB possessextensive experience in financial reporting.C. all members of theFASB are fully remunerated, serve full time, and are independent ofany companies or institutions. D. the FASB issues exposure draftsof proposed standards.

The FASB issues two major types of pronouncements: a. When theFASB issues a new standard it is refers as_________________________________to communicate changes to the FASBCodification. They are considered GAAP and must be followed inpractice. o How the FASB has changed US GAAP, including eachspecific amendment to the FASB Codification o Why the FASB decidedto change US GAAP and background information related to the changeo When the changes will be effective and the transition method. b.__________________________________ The SFACs represent an attemptto move away from the problem-by-problem approach to standardsetting that has been characteristic of the accounting profession.The Concept Statements are intended to form a cohesive set ofinterrelated concepts, a conceptual framework that will serve astools for solving existing and emerging problems in a consistentmanner. Unlike FASB statements, the Concept Statements do notestablish GAAP.

Prior to 2009 the FASB issued several type of pronouncementswhich had different levels of authority. The type of pronouncementsare listed in descending order of relative weight of authority theyhad within GAAP

 __________________________________

 ______________ : these pronouncements refined GAAP byclarifying conflicting or unclear issues relating to previouslyissued standards

 ______________ FASB staff issued pronouncements to providemore timely and consistent application guidance and to make narrowand limited revision of standards.

 ______________: FASB staff issue these pronouncements toclarify and explain, or elaborate on accounting and reportingproblems.  __________________________________

Which of the following is not a publication of the FASB? A.Statements of Financial Accounting Concepts B. Accounting ResearchBulletins C. Interpretations D. Technical Bulletins

_________________________________________________________________________The FASB has established the following procedures for developingaccounting standards. These procedures are used for major projects.Not all of the steps may be necessary for projects focused onnarrower application and implementation issues. Many other stepsare followed during the course of the project that are notspecifically required by the Board’s Rules of Procedures.

Why was it believed that accounting standards that were issuedby the Financial Accounting Standards Board would carry moreweight? A. The FASB board had a smaller membership. B. The FASBboard members were well-paid. C. The FASB follows due process. D.The FASB board members were CPAs.

GAAP

The FASB developed the Financial Accounting Standards BoardAccounting Standards Codification _____________________________ toprovide in one place all the authoritative literature related to aparticulartopic._________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Major sources of GAAP:

 _______________________________________

 _______________________________________

 _______________________________________

Most countries have recognized the need for more globalstandards. _____________________________________________ and U.S.rule-making bodies are working together to reconcile U.S. GAAP withthe IASB _________________________________________

Major challenges in the financial reporting environment.

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

Question 1

Identify the item below that is not one of the four different types of data processing activities.

deleting

reading

creating

using

Question 2

All of the following are advantages of an ERP system except

ERPs permit manufacturing plants to receive new orders in real time.

in an ERP, data input is captured or keyed once.

it takes considerable experience and training to use an ERP system effectively.

ERPs permit management to gain greater visibility into every area of the enterprise.

Question 3

Sam Jones has been the controller of Downtown Tires for 25 years. Ownership of the firm recently changed hands and the new owners are conducting an audit of the financial records. The audit has been unable to reproduce financial reports that were prepared by Sam. While there is no evidence of wrongdoing, the auditors are concerned that the discrepancies might contribute to poor decisions. Which of the following characteristics of useful information is absent in the situation described above?

relevant

reliable

complete

timely

understandable

verifiable

accessible

Question 4

An ERP system might facilitate the purchase of direct materials by all of the following except

preparing a purchase order when inventory falls to reorder point.

routing a purchase order to a purchasing agent for approval.

communicating a purchase order to a supplier.

selecting the best supplier by comparing bids.

Question 5

Antia Carmie is the largest collector and retailer of Japanese fans in the St. Louis area. Antia uses computer technology to provide superior customer service. The store's database system was designed to make detailed information about each Japanese fan easily accessible to her customers. Accordingly, the fan price and condition are provided for each fan, along with many pictures of each fan. In Antia's database, the price of the Japanese fans is a(n)

entity.

attribute.

field.

record.

Question 6

Which of the following is not considered a source document?

A copy of the company's shipping document.

A copy of the company's ledger.

A copy of the company's sales journal.

A copy of the company's financial statements.

Question 7

In an ERP system, the module used to record data about transactions in the disbursement cycle is called

financial.

order to cash.

customer relationship management.

purchase to pay.

Question 8

Baggins Incorporated identifies new product development and product improvement as the top corporate goals. An employee developed an innovation that will correct a shortcoming in one of the company's products. Although Baggins current Return on Investment (ROI) is 12%, the product innovation is expected to generate ROI of only 10%. As a result, awarding bonuses to employees based on ROI resulted in

goal conflict.

information overload.

decreased value of information.

goal congruence.

Question 9

________ are examples of activities that constitute inbound logistics.

Activities that transform inputs into final products or services

Activities that provide post-sale support to customers

Activities that consist of receiving, storing, and distributing the materials used as inputs by the organization to create goods and/or services it sells

Activities that help customers to buy the organization's products or services

Question 10

In which transaction cycle would information for inventory purchases be most likely to pass between internal and external accounting information systems?

the revenue cycle

the expenditure cycle

the human resources / payroll cycle

the financing cycle

Question 11

The collection of customer payment is part of which transaction cycle?

the human resources cycle

the production cycle

the revenue cycle

the expenditure cycle

Question 12

Which of the following is an example of source data automation?

POS (point-of-sale) scanners in retail stores

a bill of lading

a subsidiary ledger

a utility bill

Question 13

All of the following are guidelines for developing a good coding system except

be as sophisticated as possible to promote usage.

be consistent with its intended use.

be flexible to allow for growth.

be consistent with the company's organization structure.

Question 14

What is a key decision that needs to be made with regards to borrowing money from lenders?

the location

pro forma income statement

how much capital to acquire

job descriptions

Question 15

Identify the false statement below.

A service company does not have an inventory system.

Retail stores do not have a production cycle.

Financial institutions have installment-loan cycles.

Every organization should implement every transaction cycle module.

Question 16

The chart of accounts of a fast-food restaurant would probably include

a list of customers.

a list of financial statement accounts.

a list of vendors.

a list of employees.

Question 17

Which statement below regarding the AIS is false?

Traditionally, most AIS have been designed so that both financial and operational data are stored in a manner that facilitates their integration in reports.

The AIS must be able to provide managers with detailed and operational information about the organization's performance.

Both traditional financial measures and operational data are required for proper and complete evaluation of performance.

The AIS was often just one of the information systems used by an organization to collect and process financial and nonfinancial data.

Question 18

In Petaluma, California, electric power is provided to consumers by Pacific Power. Each month Pacific Power mails bills to 186,000 households and then processes payments as they are received. What is the best way for this business to ensure that payment data entry is efficient and accurate?

well-designed paper forms

turnaround documents

source data automation

sequentially numbered bills

Question 19

Data must be converted into information to be considered useful and meaningful for decision making. There are seven characteristics that make information both useful and meaningful. If the same information can be reproduced by two independent and knowledgeable people, it is representative of the characteristic of

verifiability.

truthful.

relevance.

reliability.

Question 20

Antia Carmie is the largest collector and retailer of Japanese fans in the St. Louis area. Antia uses computer technology to provide superior customer service. The store's database system was designed to make detailed information about each Japanese fan easily accessible to her customers. Accordingly, the fan price and condition are provided for each fan, along with many pictures of each fan. In Antia's database, the data about each Japanese fan represents a(n)

entity.

attribute.

field.

record.