HUN2201 Chapter Notes - Chapter 4: Alternative Fuel, Glycemic Index, Polysaccharide
Document Summary
Commonly referred to as sugars: monosaccharides contain one molecule. Glucose, fructose, galactose, and ribose: disaccharides contain two molecules. Lactose, maltose, and sucrose: complex carbohydrates, oligosaccharides contain 3 to 10 monosaccharides, most polysaccharides consist of hundreds to thousands of glucose molecules, starch, glycogen, most fibers, starch. Resistant starch (fiber) glucose molecules linked by beta bonds are largely indigestible. Not found in food and therefore not a source of dietary carbohydrate. Stored in the liver and muscles: fiber. Dietary fibers are non-digestible parts of plants. Functional fibers are non-digestible forms of carbohydrates extracted from plants or manufactured in a laboratory that have known health benefits. Total fiber = dietary fiber + functional fiber: soluble fibers. Regular consumption can reduce risk for cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. Found in citrus fruits, berries, oats, beans: insoluble fibers. Cannot be fermented by bacteria in the colon. Promote regular bowel movements, alleviate constipation, and reduce diverticulosis. Good sources: whole grains, seeds, legumes, fruits, and vegetables.
