BIO 311C Chapter Notes - Chapter 16: Polysaccharide, Methyl Group, Telomerase Rna Component

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9 Nov 2016

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Origin of replication the point in the dna at which replication begins; characterized by a particular sequence of nucleotides (the ori sequence) containing a large number of a-t bonds. Ssdna single-stranded dna; in dna replication, the dna after it is separated to serve as the template for replication. Dsdna double-stranded dna; two dna strands with complementary base-pair sequences joined by hydrogen bonds. Replication fork point at which the two dna strands begin to separate for replication. Replication bubble gap in the dna formed as the replication fork expands. Helicase enzyme that binds to the ori sequence and unwinds the dsdna at replication forks. Single-strand binding proteins (ssb) proteins that bind to and stabilize the ssdna after helicase unwinds it. Primase enzyme that builds an rna primer to begin dna replication; one primer is used for the leading strand, and several primers are used on the lagging strand to create.

Related Questions

1) What is the difference between the leading strand and the lagging strand in DNA replication? Place the following steps of DNA replication in right chronological order.

1. Primase adds an ribonucleotide primer
2. Initiator proteins bind the origin of replication and helicase breaks hydrogen bonds between complementary bases of double stranded template DNA
3. DNA polymerase III extends by complementary base pairing deoxyribonucleotides to the template strands
4. Ligase phosphodiester bonds the nucleotides to connect okazaki fragments nad connect fragments at the origin and where the "crotches or forks" collide
5. DNA polymerase I removes RNA primer and replaces with Deoxyribonucleotides

2) Given the template DNA and primer sequences below, what bases will be added to the primer as DNA replication proceeds? (The bases should appear in the order that they will be added)

5'-GTCGTCTCCCTTTTTAAAAACCCCCCC-3'
5'-UUUUUAAAAAGGG-3'

3) Given the DNA sequence below, what could be a primer sequence used in its replication?
5'-CGTACGGCCCCAAAATTGCTACTCTGCTG-3'

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1. During DNA replication, proteins unwind the DNA duplex, and separate the DNA strands. Those proteins include:

a.) DNA polymerase and ligase

b.) Single-stranded DNA binding and protein primase

c.) Helicase and DNA polymerase

d.) Helicase and single-stranded DNA binding protein

2. What determines the nucleotide sequence of the newly synthesized strand during DNA replication?

a.) The particular DNA polymerase catalyzing the reaction

b.) The relative amounts of the four nucleotide triphosphates (ATP, GTP, CTP, and TTP) in the cell

c.) The nucleotide sequence of the template strand

d.) The primase used in the reaction

e.) Both A and D

3. The leading and the lagging strands differ in that

a.) The leading strand is synthesized in the same direction as the movement of the replication fork, and the lagging strand is synthesized in the opposite direction.

b.) The leading strand is synthesized by adding nucleotides to the 3â hydroxyl (OH) end of the growing strand, and the lagging strand is synthesized by adding nucleotides to the 5â phosphate (PO4) end.

c.) The leading strand is synthesized continuously, whereas the lagging strand is synthesized in short fragments that are ultimately stitched together.

d.) Both A and B

e.) Both A and C

Order the following steps of the DNA replication process fromfirst to last. (From 1 to 8)

DNA ligase joins Okazaki fragmments together

Elongation of leading strands occurs continuosly and elongationof lagging strands occurs via generation of Okazaki fragments. Bothare synthesized in 5' to 3' direction.

DNA polymerase I removes the RNA primers and replaces them withDNA nucleotides

DNA polymerase III starts adding DNA nucleotides to the 3' endof the existing RNA chain.

Helicase untwists the double helix at the replication fork

Single-stranded binding proteins bind the unpaired DNA strands,keeping them from re-pairing.

Topoisomerase helps releive the strain caused by DNA untwisting.It breaks, swivels and rejoins DNA strands.

Primase starts a complementary RNA chain using parental DNAstrand as a template

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BIO 311C Chapter Notes - Chapter 16: Polysaccharide, Methyl Group, Telomerase Rna Component

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